Hydrohysteroid Dehydrogenases – Biological Role and Clinical Importance – Review

Atanassova, Nina; Koeva, Yvetta

doi:10.5772/54149

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 264 publications

(302 reference statements)

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“…Although there is limited research examining the precise involvement of 17-HSD in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), changes in androgen metabolism have been linked to the development of PCOS, and 17-HSD enzymes may potentially contribute to this [27]. PCOS is often characterized by an imbalance of reproductive hormones, particularly elevated androgen levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSD17B4 is a bifunctional enzyme implicated in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids, catalyzing the synthesis of 3-ketoacyl-CoA. Although there is limited research examining the precise involvement of 17-HSD in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), changes in androgen metabolism have been linked to the development of PCOS, and 17-HSD enzymes may potentially contribute to PCOS [27]. FTO is widely expressed in human skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, with its highest expression observed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artocarpus Communis Seed Regulates P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a Genes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats

Ogunlakin,

Ojo,

Onu-Boms

et al. 2024

OBM Genet

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine illness that affects 5-10% of reproductive women globally. It is a multifaceted hormonal disorder characterized by the involvement of numerous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development. This study investigates the effect of Artocarpus communis seed on the hormonal imbalance and P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a genes expression in the ovaries of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats. To induce PCOS in 30 female Wistar rats, letrozole was administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. For 12 days, Artocarpus communis seed aqueous extract (100 and 250 mg/kg body weight) and Clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg body weight), a standard medication, were given. ELISA assessed luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol levels. The levels of P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a gene expression in the ovaries were assessed. The aqueous extract reduced LH and increased FSH levels in Letrozole-induced PCOS rats. Additionally, seed aqueous extract (250 mg/kg bw) regulated the expression of P53, type 2 17-HSD (17-HSD), fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), 11a-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase (CYP11a), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) genes in the ovaries of PCOS rats. Therefore, Artocarpus communis seed might have multifaceted effects on molecular pathways associated with PCOS, potentially normalizing androgen metabolism, hormonal imbalance, and ovarian function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artocarpus Communis Seed Regulates P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a Genes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats

Ogunlakin,

Ojo,

Onu-Boms

et al. 2024

OBM Genet

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“…Interestingly, protein HSD17B10 was found in terms dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity and lipid oxidation ( Supplementary Table S9 ) in higher abundance in 3-NT+EA-treated cells. This protein, with hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in steroid hormones [ 48 ], may be positive to cells as it may counteract the drop in proteins HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 caused by 3-NT. Therefore, EA may enable physiological biosynthesis of hormonal steroids in enterocytes and counteract, at some extent, the impairment caused by 3-NT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ellagic Acid Triggers the Necrosis of Differentiated Human Enterocytes Exposed to 3-Nitro-Tyrosine: An MS-Based Proteomic Study

et al. 2022

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To study the molecular basis of the toxicological effect of a dietary nitrosated amino acid, namely, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), differentiated human enterocytes were exposed to dietary concentrations of this species (200 μM) and analyzed for flow cytometry, protein oxidation markers and MS-based proteomics. The possible protective role of a dietary phytochemical, ellagic acid (EA) (200 μM), was also tested. The results revealed that cell viability was significantly affected by exposure to 3-NT, with a concomitant significant increase in necrosis (p < 0.05). 3-NT affected several biological processes, such as histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), and pathways related to type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors binding. Addition of EA to 3-NT-treated cells stimulated the toxicological effects of the latter by reducing the abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial conformation. These results emphasize the impact of dietary nitrosated amino acids in intestinal cell physiology and warn about the potential negative effects of ellagic acid when combined with noxious metabolites.

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“…These two enzymes are part of the CYP450 system, all of which require Mg++. Furthermore these two reactions occur in the mitochondria 80 , i.e., they also require ATP. If oxidative stress is sufficient and antioxidants are not, mitochondria are shut down and ATP down regulated, limiting synthesis of aldosterone and cortisol 81 .…”

Section: B Magnesium and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

Chambers¹

2023

Preprint

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These three syndromes - long covid (LC), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) - have many symptoms in common. The common denominator remains elusive. The blood brain barrier (BBB) has been a barrier not only to microbes and toxins but also to understanding pathogenetic links. There are several areas within the brain that have no BBB. These are known as circumventricular organs (CVOs) and their location relative to CNS nuclei that direct autonomic and neuroendocrine functions is provocative in the quest for pathogenesis. In addition the majority afflicted with LC and ME/CFS appear to be those with two MTHFR polymorphisms, present in over 50% of Americans. These polymorphisms elevate homocysteine. When homocysteine is combined with CVOs, the fog of POTS and its paradox are lifted. POTS may represent the intersection of LC and ME/CFS in those with the MTHFR gene (hypermethylation or 677TT). The gut microbiomes of LC and ME/CFS, deficient in butyrates, GABA, and diversity, are then linked with MTHFR genotype 677TT. Reactivation of neurotropic EBV and VZV, due to loss of surveillance by CD4+/CD8+ T cells, is seen as secondary. The oxidative stress generated by homocysteine, loss of glutathione, low fiber diet, and persistent chronic inflammation exhaust available mitochondria and, assisted by BKN and estrogen, exacerbate all the elements of these post viral fatigue syndromes.

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Hydrohysteroid Dehydrogenases – Biological Role and Clinical Importance – Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 264 publications

<i>Artocarpus Communis</i> Seed Regulates P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a Genes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats

<i>Artocarpus Communis</i> Seed Regulates P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a Genes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats

Ellagic Acid Triggers the Necrosis of Differentiated Human Enterocytes Exposed to 3-Nitro-Tyrosine: An MS-Based Proteomic Study

LC, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

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