“…In Antarctic ice shelf cavities, the direct intrusion of the coastal shelf current is also the mechanism by which under ice water is renewed (e.g., Bradley et al, 2022;De Rydt et al, 2014;Gwyther et al, 2014;Steiger et al, 2022). The coastal shelf current's density variations, responsible for the barotropic and front modes are not unique to Milne Fiord either; similar or greater variability is found on, or near the continental shelf of East Greenland (Rykova et al, 2015), Northeast Greenland et al, 2017, Svalbard (Nilsen et al, 2008) and West Antarctica (Dundas et al, 2022;Webber et al, 2017). To summarize, the fact Milne Fiord has a comparable geometry, stratification, buoyancy forcing (Appendix B) and offshore forcing to other glacial fjords and ice shelf cavities indicates analogous unsteadiness (on time scales longer than 1 month) may be found in other systems.…”