Hydrographic Control of Meiobenthos in Bermuda1

Coull, Bruce C.

doi:10.4319/lo.1969.14.6.0953

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, copepods and other crustaceans appear to be the meiofaunal groups most sensitive to anoxia (Coull, 1969;Elmgren, 1975;Heip, 1980;Murrel and Fleeger, 1989;Moodley et al, 1997). During 1985/1986, summer hypoxic conditions on the Louisiana shelf led to complete loss of harpacticoid copepods within a month, with lesser declines in nematode and kinorhynch densities.…”

Section: Metazoan Meiofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Coastal hypoxia (defined here as <1.42 ml L −1 ; 62.5 µM; 2 mg L −1 , approx. 30% oxygen saturation) develops seasonally in many estuaries, fjords, and along open coasts as a result of natural upwelling or from anthropogenic eutrophication induced by riverine nutrient inputs. Permanent hypoxia occurs naturally in some isolated seas and marine basins as well as in open slope oxygen minimum zones. Responses of benthos to hypoxia depend on the duration, predictability, and intensity of oxygen depletion and on whether H 2 S is formed. Under suboxic conditions, large mats of filamentous sulfide oxidizing bacteria cover the seabed and consume sulfide. They are hypothesized to provide a detoxified microhabitat for eukaryotic benthic communities. Calcareous foraminiferans and nematodes are particularly tolerant of low oxygen concentrations and may attain high densities and dominance, often in association with microbial mats. When oxygen is sufficient to support metazoans, small, soft-bodied invertebrates (typically annelids), often with short generation times and elaborate branchial structures, predominate. Large taxa are more sensitive than small taxa to hypoxia. Crustaceans and echinoderms are typically more sensitive to hypoxia, with lower oxygen thresholds, than annelids, sipunculans, molluscs and cnidarians.

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Section: Metazoan Meiofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several field studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of metazoan meiobenthic animals to bottom-water hypoxia (e.g. Coull, 1969;Elmgren, 1975;Josefson and Widbom, 1988;Murrell and Fleeger, 1989;Moodley et al, 1997). The general consensus is that meiofaunal taxa are less affected by hypoxia than macrofauna and megafauna (e.g.…”

Section: Metazoan Meiofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos

et al. 2009

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“…Summertime water column stratification typically results in seasonal hypoxia and anoxia in the bottommost 2-m depth of Devil's Hole (e.g., Coull, 1969;Beers and Herman, 1969;Thorstenson and Mackenzie, 1974;Brown, 1978Brown, , 1980Andersson et al, 2007;Parsons et al, 2015). As such, Devil's Hole has been the focus of studies of CaCO 3 sediment dissolution (e.g., Berner, 1966;Lyons et al, 1974;Balzer and Wefer, 1981;Hines and Lyons, 1982;Andersson et al, 2007), nitrogen cycling (Brown, 1981), trace-element cycling (Jickells and Knap, 1984), and microbial community changes (Coull, 1969;Parsons et al, 2015). The sediment and benthos of Harrington Sound exhibits zonation (Neumann, 1965) with a shallow sandy zone (0-10 m), a stony coral zone of Oculina sp.…”

Section: Sampling Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, seasonal changes in CO 2 -carbonate chemistry of surface and deeper waters (25 m) are determined as a prerequisite for examining longer-term changes. The deeper waters of Harrington Sound typically become seasonally anoxic in summertime at the water-sediment interface (e.g., Coull, 1969;Beers and Herman, 1969;Thorstenson and Mackenzie, 1974;Andersson et al, 2007;Parsons et al, 2015), thereby providing insights into the synergies between deoxygenation and OA forcing. 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty Years of Marine Carbon Cycle Observations at Devils Hole Bermuda Provide Insights into Seasonal Hypoxia, Coral Reef Calcification, and Ocean Acidification

Bates

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Open-ocean observations have revealed gradual changes in seawater carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) chemistry resulting from uptake of atmospheric CO 2 and ocean acidification (OA), but, with few long-term records (>5 years) of the coastal ocean that can reveal the pace and direction of environmental change. In this paper, observations collected from 1996 to 2016 at Harrington Sound, Bermuda, constitute one of the longest time-series of coastal ocean inorganic carbon chemistry. Uniquely, such changes can be placed into the context of contemporaneous offshore changes observed at the nearby Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Onshore, surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ; >10% change per decade) have increased and OA indicators such as pH and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) saturation state ( ) decreased from 1996 to 2016 at a rate of two to three times that observed offshore at BATS. Such changes, combined with reduction of total alkalinity over time, reveal a complex interplay of biogeochemical processes influencing Bermuda reef metabolism, including net ecosystem production (NEP = gross primary production-autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration) and net ecosystem calcification (NEC = gross calcification-gross CaCO 3 dissolution). These long-term data show a seasonal shift between wintertime net heterotrophy and summertime net autotrophy for the entire Bermuda reef system. Over annual time-scales, the Bermuda reef system does not appear to be in trophic balance, but rather slightly net heterotrophic. In addition, the reef system is net accretive (i.e., gross calcification > gross CaCO 3 dissolution), but there were occasional periods when the entire reef system appears to transiently shift to net dissolution. A previous 5-year study of the Bermuda reef suggested that net calcification and net heterotrophy have both increased. Over the past 20 years, rates of net calcification and net heterotrophy determined for the Bermuda reef system have increased by ∼30%, most likely due to increased coral nutrition occurring in concert with increased offshore productivity in the surrounding subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Importantly, this long-term study reveals that other environmental factors (such as coral feeding) can mitigate against the effects of ocean acidification on coral reef calcification, at least over the past couple of decades.

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“…This suggests that in such sites re-colonisation and hence recovery o f the structure of the nematode assemblage m a y be potentially a lengthier process than for macrofauna, since nematodes do not have a planktonic larval dispersal stage. In Harrington Sound, Bermuda, which is a comparatively shallow area (27 m), Coull (1969) found that meiofauna densities were drastically reduced during prolonged but regularly occurring anoxia periods during the summer months. However, they also recovered rapidly within 5 to 7 mo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in and slow recovery of a meiobenthic nematode assemblage following a hypoxic period in the Gullmar Fjord basin, Sweden

Austen

Wibdom

1991

Mar. Biol.

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Abstract. Meiobenthos samples were collected from Gullmar Fjord, on the Swedish west coast, for just over 2 yr (December 1978-February 1981, spanning a short period of severe hypoxia. Previously published analysis indicated no meiofaunal response at the major taxon level. Nematode samples were further analysed to the genus level. Data were analysed with both univariate and multivariate statistics. Although there was no immediate response to the hypoxic period, changes in assemblage structure at both genus and family level during the subsequent year may have been caused by it: diversity was reduced, multivariate assemblage structure was altered, and within-site variability was considerably increased. These changes may have resulted directly from the influence of hypoxia on reproductive success and juvenile survival and/or indirectly as a consequence of the complete disappearance of the macrobenthos (due to the hypoxia) which would alter macrobenthos-meiobenthos interactions. A year after the hypoxia there was no evidence that the nematode assemblage structure was returning to its pre-hypoxia state. This suggests that in physically undisturbed, deep sites, such as the Gullmar Fjord basin, recovery of nematode assemblages after environmental disturbance may be a lengthy process.

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Hydrographic Control of Meiobenthos in Bermuda1

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos

Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos

Twenty Years of Marine Carbon Cycle Observations at Devils Hole Bermuda Provide Insights into Seasonal Hypoxia, Coral Reef Calcification, and Ocean Acidification

Changes in and slow recovery of a meiobenthic nematode assemblage following a hypoxic period in the Gullmar Fjord basin, Sweden

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