Hydrograph Separation and Development of Empirical Relationships Using Single-Parameter Digital Filters

Tan, Stephen Boon Kean; Lo, Edmond Yat-Man; Shuy, Eng Ban; Chua, Leok Poh; Lim, Wee Ho

doi:10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2009)14:3(271)

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Baseflow separation is also required to estimate groundwater discharge in hydrological models and to accurately estimate long-term nutrient loading during water quality assessments (e.g. Yu and Schwartz, 1999;Muller et al, 2003;Schilling and Zhang, 2004;Tan et al, 2009). Many methods have been developed for baseflow separation, and great efforts have been made to improve the efficiency and accuracy of these methods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseflow separation in a small watershed in New Brunswick, Canada, using a recursive digital filter calibrated with the conductivity mass balance method

Zhang

Chow

et al. 2012

Hydrological Processes

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Baseflow separation is important for obtaining critical parameters for hydrological models. As measuring the baseflow component directly is difficult, various analytical and empirical baseflow separation methods have been developed and tested. The recursive digital filter (RDF) method is commonly used for baseflow separation due to its simplicity and low data requirement. However, parameters used in the RDF method are often determined arbitrarily, resulting in high uncertainty of the estimated baseflow rate. A more accurate method is the conductivity mass balance (CMB) method, which is established based on the differences in physical processes between baseflow and surface runoff. In this research, the output of the CMB method was used to calibrate the parameters of an RDF model, and the calibrated RDF model was used to estimate monthly, seasonal and annual baseflow rate and baseflow index for the past 19 years using streamflow discharge records. The characteristics of the baseflow hydrographs were found to be consistent with the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of the research area. Research results indicated that the accuracy of the RDF model has been greatly enhanced after being calibrated with the CMB method so that the RDF model can provide more reliable baseflow separation results for a long‐term study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseflow separation in a small watershed in New Brunswick, Canada, using a recursive digital filter calibrated with the conductivity mass balance method

Zhang

Chow

et al. 2012

Hydrological Processes

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“…Human activities can result in dramatic changes to river conductivity, and the major impact processes include agricultural irrigation, mining activity, the use of salts as road deicing agents and groundwater pumping (Kaushal et al, 2005;Crosa et al, 2006;Zume and Tarhule, 2008;Dikio, 2010;Palmer et al, 2010;Bäthe and Coring, 2011;Miguel et al, 2013). Other anthropogenic factors can also result in artificial variations in conductivity, such as industrial wastewater discharge (Piscart et al, 2005;Dikio, 2010), discharge of sewage wastewater (Silva et al, 2000;Williams et al, 2003;Lerotholi et al, 2004) or reduced river discharge due to river impoundment (Mirza, 1998).…”

Section: Impacts Of Anthropogenic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant changes in electrical conductivity in the cold regions has often been reported to be the result of the use of salts as road de-icing agents (Löfgren, 2001;Ruth, 2003;Williams et al, 2003). The amount of salts used to de-ice roads in North America increased from 909 000 to 1 347 000 t per winter from 1961 to 1966 (Hanes et al, 1970).…”

Section: Impacts Of Anthropogenic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key challenges facing the application of the conductivity mass balance method: a case study of the Mississippi River basin

Lyu

Xia

Zhang

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The conductivity mass balance (CMB) method has a long history of application to baseflow separation studies. The CMB method uses site-specific and widely available discharge and specific conductance data. However, certain aspects of the method remain unstandardized, including the determination of the applicability of this method for a specific area, minimum data requirements for baseflow separation and the most accurate parameter calculation method. This study collected and analyzed stream discharge and water conductivity data for over 200 stream sites at large spatial (2.77 to 2 915 834 km2 watersheds) and temporal (up to 56 years) scales in the Mississippi River basin. The suitability criteria and key factors influencing the applicability of the CMB method were identified based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of the inverse correlation coefficient between stream discharge and conductivity and the rationality of baseflow separation results. Sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment and T test were used to identify the parameter the method was most sensitive to, and the uncertainties of baseflow separation results obtained from different parameter determination methods and various sampling durations were compared. The results indicated that the inverse correlation coefficient between discharge and conductivity can be used to quantitatively determine the applicability of the CMB method, while the CMB method is more applicable in tributaries, headwater reaches, high altitudes and regions with little influence from anthropogenic activities. A minimum of 6-month discharge and conductivity data was found to provide reliable parameters for the CMB method with acceptable errors, and it is recommended that the parameters SCRO and SCBF be determined by the 1st percentile and dynamic 99th percentile methods, respectively. The results of this study can provide an important basis for the standardized treatment of key problems in the application of the CMB.

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“…Many researchers have proposed digital filters [24][25][26][27][28]. Tan et al [29] compared the hydrograph separation characteristics between Nathan and McMahon [24] and Chapman and Maxwell [26] for a partially urbanized watershed. Nathan and McMahon's method which provided the more reliable separation result was adopted to separate the base flow from the total runoff hydrograph.…”

Section: Digital Filtering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seepage Behavior of Earth Dams Considering Rainfall Effects

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kang

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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More than 60% of annual rainfall in Korea is concentrated during the monsoon season from June to August because of the climate characteristics of East Asia. In general, reservoir water levels sharply rise during this period and rock-fill dams are exposed to various types of damages such as soil erosion and piping related to seepage problems. However, the detection of seepage problems is generally more difficult because rainfall directly flows into a V-notch weir according to a downstream shell in which seepage rates can be measured downstream. In this paper, rainfall is filtered out from the measured seepage rates to evaluate the effects of rainfall by using a digital filtering method for two large rock-fill dams (Dams A and B). Seepage behavior for these two large rockfill dams was estimated as a steady-state condition. It has been proven that with the application of a digital filter which filters out rainfall-induced infiltration into a downstream shell from a measured seepage flow would make analyzing the seepage behavior of dams more effective. is also shows that consideration for any rainfall effect on the seepage behavior of earth dams is very important. e seepage rate of Dam A was not significantly affected by rainfall because the seepage water was collected inside the dam body and was transferred to a V-notch weir located downstream from the dam through a steel pipe. On the contrary, the seepage rate of Dam B was greatly influenced by rainfall in the rainy season. Also, the permeability of the core zones for Dams A and B was estimated at 8.5 × 10 −5 cm/sec and 2.7 × 10 −5 cm/sec, respectively, by a simplified method.

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Hydrograph Separation and Development of Empirical Relationships Using Single-Parameter Digital Filters

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Baseflow separation in a small watershed in New Brunswick, Canada, using a recursive digital filter calibrated with the conductivity mass balance method

Baseflow separation in a small watershed in New Brunswick, Canada, using a recursive digital filter calibrated with the conductivity mass balance method

Key challenges facing the application of the conductivity mass balance method: a case study of the Mississippi River basin

Seepage Behavior of Earth Dams Considering Rainfall Effects

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