Hydrogeology of the Karst Regions in Hungary

Mádl-Szőnyi, Judit; Erőss, Anita; Csondor, Katalin; Iván, Veronika; Tóth, Ádám

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92960-2_6

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The significance of hydrostatic pressure is indicated by the fact that at sites where no karstic rock occurs in the floor of the bordering basin such as in the areas that border the mountains from the SE (Transdanubian Hills, Mezőföld), no upwelling occurs in spite of the fact that through flow also takes place here into the bordering basin [8,35]. Among the regional flow systems of the Transdanubian Mountains, there occur ascending flows (hypogene branch), formerly ascending flows (paleo hypogene branch), and flows of the outflow type (Figures 3 and 14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preceding karstwater extractions, it emerged not only in karst springs, but also fed karst marshes and karst lakes (Lake Balaton) and flowed into the fill of the basins [1,2]. However, it is also transmitted into the River Danube [8,34,35], and the basin sediments of its environs [36] (Figure 6). The hypogene branch of regional flow was studied in the Buda Hills in a detailed way [6,37] (Figures 7-9).…”

Section: Geological and Hydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pávai and Vajna [4], and Jakucs [5] mainly studied upwelling in the Buda Hills. Later, Kovács and Müller [6], Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth [7], and Mádl-Szőnyi et al [8] investigated the upwelling at the margin of the Buda Hills. Upwelling may be recent and paleo [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Horizontal Specific Temperature on the Flow Systems of the Transdanubian Mountains (Hungary)

Veress

Péntek

2023

Hydrology

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This study interprets the development of various flow types of the Transdanubian Mountains. For this, pressure was calculated at different depths and along some profiles the horizontal, specific temperature was calculated based on geoisotherms. This is the value of temperature distribution calculated to a given place. It has been established that upwellings develop at sites where the value of horizontal specific temperature is more than 0.8 °C, and partial upwelling can be detected where this value is between 0.6 °C and 0.8 °C. Outflow from the karst is present where this value is below 0.4 °C. Taking into consideration these values, the water temperature of karst springs and the caves of heat effect, the distribution of various flow types are determined. The flow type is also affected by the fault structure of the basin. In the case of horsts subsided to a great degree, since the sediment is thick above such horsts, the water is not able to flow upwards and towards the mountains because the hydrostatic pressure does not prevail any more. Above horsts subsided to a lower degree, the sediment is thin and thus, the water moving upwards is able to flow through.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological and Hydrological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Horizontal Specific Temperature on the Flow Systems of the Transdanubian Mountains (Hungary)

Veress

Péntek

2023

Hydrology

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“…The region is abundant in naturally discharging springs of various temperatures, creeks and wetlands. Groundwater is the primary natural resource in the Transdanubian Mountains, and it is used mainly for public water supply, healing and heating purposes and bottled as mineral water [2]. However, the region is also rich in bauxite and brown coal found in the saturated zone; therefore, mine dewatering was required during the production period (1950s-1990s).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The springs of the Balaton Highland have been providing high-quality karst water for centuries [1], as exemplified by several archaeological sites, primarily Roman ruins, in the vicinity of the springs. The groundwater of excellent quality serves as the drinking water resource for the local residents; some mineralised springs have long been used for drinking cures, and the groundwater is also bottled as mineral water [2]. For sustainable water management, the recharge area of the groundwater, the path travelled underground, and the amount of water extracted are essential to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimethodological Revisit of the Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction in the Balaton Highland Region—Implications for the Overlooked Groundwater Component of Lake Balaton, Hungary

Tóth

Baják

Szijártó

et al. 2023

Water

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The hummocky Balaton Highland is located in western Hungary and is part of the Transdanubian Mountains, the most extensive carbonate aquifer system in Hungary. The study region also encompasses Lake Balaton, the biggest lake in central Europe, which is to the south of Balaton Highland. The surface water–groundwater interaction in the Balaton Highland–Lake Balaton region and the groundwater contribution to Lake Balaton are revisited in this paper. Hydrostratigraphic classification was performed first; then, groundwater flow directions by hydraulic head distribution were analysed, and baseflow indices of surface watercourses were calculated. Regarding hydrochemical characterisation, general hydrochemical facies were identified, natural tracers of temperature, chloride and uranium were applied, and the stable isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen was determined. Finally, groundwater flow and heat transport were simulated in a 2D numerical model. A high level of hydraulic interaction was evidenced between surface water and groundwater and the sub-regions of Bakony Mountains, Balaton Highland and Lake Balaton by physical and chemical parameters, numerical simulation and groundwater-flow-related natural manifestations, revealing hydraulic continuity in the study region. Based on the results, the division of legislative water bodies can be reconsidered, especially that surface water and groundwater should be regarded as interconnected, and Lake Balaton can be considered a groundwater-dependent ecosystem in any water-use planning in the region.

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Nem lehet mindenhol mindent, de mindenhol lehet valamit – A geotermikus energia hasznosításának lehetőségei a hazai ellátás diverzifikálása érdekében

Mádlné Szőnyi,

Markó,

Tóthi

2024

ScientSec

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Összefoglalás. Magyarországon az energiaválság kapcsán előtérbe került a kedvező geotermikus adottságok kihasználásának szükségessége. A cikkben az európai geotermikus viszonyokból kiindulva mutatjuk be a hazai adottságokat, alkalmazható technológiákat. Az adottságok villamosáram-termelésre csak sporadikusan, magas kockázatok és technológiai fejlesztések mellett alkalmazhatók. Ugyanakkor az ország szinte teljes területén van lehetőség sekély geotermikus és hidrotermás készletek, valamint a hulladékhő további hasznosítására. A jövőben a termálvizek települési szintű, kaszkád rendszerű teljes körű hasznosítása lenne kívánatos. A fenntarthatóság kulcsa a lefűtött termálvizek nagyarányú visszasajtolása. A felszín alatti térrész, a különböző fluidumok és a bennük rejlő nyersanyagok hasznosítása kutatást és új, komplex szemléletet igényel. Summary. The need to exploit the favourable geothermal potential has emerged in Hungary due to the war-induced energy crisis. In this paper, we present the geothermal conditions of Hungary with a European comparison. The elevated heat flux of the Pannonian Basin, thanks to the thinned lithosphere, provides beneficial conditions along with the thermal-bearing aquifers primarily for medium enthalpy resources. We detail the potential technologies applicable to exploit the various types of resources and the risks related to their utilisation. Although not all of the technologies can be applied everywhere in the country, our results show that shallow geothermal or hydrothermal utilisation is possible in the entire country, as well as the utilisation of waste heat from used water or natural springs. Assessing geological risks is a decision criterion in the project preparation phase: supporting the investment with lower geological risk leads to more successful projects and, simultaneously, helps to gain more knowledge about the geological formation. With high risks, Hungarian geothermal resources can only be used sporadically for electricity generation. Experience of ongoing international projects in enhanced geothermal systems should be gathered for the future use of deep basement resources. The main unconsidered potential in Hungary lies in the cascaded use of thermal water at the municipal level, which can be a key in constructing low-carbon district and space heating systems combined with agricultural use. The unsolved research-intensive issue of sustainable exploitation is the extensive reinjection of cooled thermal waters, which prevents the overuse of slowly renewable resources. Developing this sector in Hungary regarding conventional and combined innovative exploitation of the subsurface space requires research and new complex approaches.

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Hydrogeology of the Karst Regions in Hungary

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

The Effect of Horizontal Specific Temperature on the Flow Systems of the Transdanubian Mountains (Hungary)

The Effect of Horizontal Specific Temperature on the Flow Systems of the Transdanubian Mountains (Hungary)

Multimethodological Revisit of the Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction in the Balaton Highland Region—Implications for the Overlooked Groundwater Component of Lake Balaton, Hungary

Nem lehet mindenhol mindent, de mindenhol lehet valamit – A geotermikus energia hasznosításának lehetőségei a hazai ellátás diverzifikálása érdekében

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