Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia

Vaccaro, J.J.; Hansen, Arnold J.; Jones, Myrtle

doi:10.3133/pp1424d

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Dominant mineral phases for deposits composing the Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer are quartz and albite with lesser amounts of muscovite and microcline. On a regional scale, aquifers having deposits resulting from this glaciation compose the Fraser aquifer and are present beneath over 14,000 km 2 of the Puget Sound Lowland [Vaccaro et al, 1998]. This study is focused on a transect from a recharge area near the Abbotsford Airport to discharge at Fishtrap Creek near the international border (Figure 1).…”

Section: Hydrogeologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths

Tesoriero¹,

Liebscher²,

Cox³

2000

Water Resources Research

214

150

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Abstract. The rate and mechanism of nitrate removal along and between groundwater flow paths were investigated using a series of well nests screened in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Intensive agricultural activity in this area has resulted in nitrate concentrations in groundwater often exceeding drinking water standards. Both the extent and rate of denitrification varied depending on the groundwater flow path. While little or no denitrification occurred in much of the upland portions of the aquifer, a gradual redox gradient is observed as aerobic upland groundwater moves deeper in the aquifer. In contrast, a sharp shallow redox gradient is observed adjacent to a third-order stream as aerobic groundwater enters reduced sediments. An essentially complete loss of nitrate concurrent with increases in excess N 2 provide evidence that denitrification occurs as groundwater enters this zone. Electron and mass balance calculations suggest that iron sulfide (e.g., pyrite) oxidation is the primary source of electrons for denitrification. Denitrification rate estimates were based on mass balance calculations using nitrate and excess N 2 coupled with groundwater travel times. Travel times were determined using a groundwater flow model and were constrained by chlorofluorocarbon-based age dates. Denitrification rates were found to vary considerably between the two areas where denitrification occurs. Denitrification rates in the deep, upland portions of the aquifer were found to range from <0.01 to 0.14 mM of N per year; rates at the redoxcline along the shallow flow path range from 1.0 to 2.7 mM of N per year. Potential denitrification rates in groundwater adjacent to the stream may be much faster, with rates up to 140 mM per year based on an in situ experiment conducted in this zone.

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Section: Hydrogeologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths

Tesoriero¹,

Liebscher²,

Cox³

2000

Water Resources Research

214

150

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“…When a mitigation plan is necessary, a Two principal aquifers dominate the state: the Puget Sound Lowlands and the Columbia River aquifer system. Puget Sound overlies the Puget Sound Lowlands aquifer [48] (Figure 2). The Puget Sound Lowlands aquifer is located in the forearc basin of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which is a tectonically active region resulting from the convergence of the Juan de Fuca and North American plates.…”

Section: Reservoir Application Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquifer consists of an upper unconfined to semi-confined layer of outwash and proglacial deposits. The lower confined unit, which is found at depths greater than 45 m, is formed by undifferentiated glacial and interglacial deposits and is not heavily utilized for water resource purposes [48].…”

Section: Reservoir Application Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Regional and Local Suitability: A Case Study in Washington State, USA

Gibson

Campana

Nazy³

2018

Hydrology

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Developing aquifers as underground water supply reservoirs is an advantageous approach applicable to meeting water management objectives. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a direct injection and subsequent withdrawal technology that is used to increase water supply storage through injection wells. Due to site-specific hydrogeological quantification and evaluation to assess ASR suitability, limited methods have been developed to identify suitability on regional scales that are also applicable at local scales. This paper presents an ASR site scoring system developed to qualitatively assess regional and local suitability of ASR using 9 scored metrics to determine total percent of ASR suitability, partitioned into hydrogeologic properties, operational considerations, and regulatory influences. The development and application of a qualitative water well suitability method was used to assess the potential groundwater response to injection, estimate suitability based on predesignated injection rates, and provide cumulative approximation of statewide and local storage prospects. The two methods allowed for rapid assessment of ASR suitability and its applicability to regional and local water management objectives at over 280 locations within 62 watersheds in Washington, USA. It was determined that over 50% of locations evaluated are suitable for ASR and statewide injection potential equaled 6400 million liters per day. The results also indicate current limitations and/or potential benefits of developing ASR systems at the local level with the intent of assisting local water managers in strategic water supply planning.

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“…Based on the drainage area for the Vashon and Maury portions of the land surface draining to Quartermaster Harbor (29.0 and 10.4 km 2 , respectively), the annual groundwater input in inches translated into a flow rate of 2.5 cfs. Following Paulson et al (2007), the groundwater flow estimate is compared to annual groundwater flow estimates to Puget Sound from Vaccaro et al (1998), which ranged from about 100 to 1000 cfs over a recharge area of 1,460 mi 2 (the area excluding major alluvial valleys that do not discharge to saltwater-see Vaccaro et al 1998 p. D59). This translates into a groundwater flow rate of 0.068 to 0.684 cfs mi -2 .…”

Section: Regional Groundwater Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Distribution and Size of Larval Pacific Geoduck Clams (Panopea generosaGould 1850) in Quartermaster Harbor (Washington, USA) Using a Novel Sampling Approach

Becker

Behrens

Shevalier

et al. 2012

Journal of Shellfish Research

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Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths

Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths

Estimating Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Regional and Local Suitability: A Case Study in Washington State, USA

Determining Distribution and Size of Larval Pacific Geoduck Clams (Panopea generosaGould 1850) in Quartermaster Harbor (Washington, USA) Using a Novel Sampling Approach

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