Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina

Miller, James A.

doi:10.3133/pp1403b

Cited by 315 publications

(651 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The Upper Floridan aquifer is chiefly composed of calcite (*66%) and dolomite (*33%), along with minor amounts of gypsum, anhydrite, chert, quartz, apatite, metal oxides, sulfides (i.e., pyrite), lignite, and clay minerals (Hanshaw et al 1965a, b;Rye et al 1981;Plummer et al 1983;Sacks et al 1995). The thickness of the Upper Floridan aquifer ranges from 60 to 640 m (Miller 1986). In this study, groundwater samples were collected along a wellcharacterized flow path located within west-central Florida (Fig.…”

Section: Upper Floridan Aquifermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Upper Floridan aquifer consists of a highly permeable carbonate rock succession that includes the Suwannee Limestone (Oligocene), the Ocala Limestone (upper Eocene), and the Avon Park (middle Eocene) Formation (Stringfield 1966;Miller 1986). The Upper Floridan aquifer is chiefly composed of calcite (*66%) and dolomite (*33%), along with minor amounts of gypsum, anhydrite, chert, quartz, apatite, metal oxides, sulfides (i.e., pyrite), lignite, and clay minerals (Hanshaw et al 1965a, b;Rye et al 1981;Plummer et al 1983;Sacks et al 1995).…”

Section: Upper Floridan Aquifermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arsenic and Antimony in Groundwater Flow Systems: A Comparative Study

2011

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Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) concentrations and speciation were determined along flow paths in three groundwater flow systems, the Carrizo Sand aquifer in southeastern Texas, the Upper Floridan aquifer in south-central Florida, and the Aquia aquifer of coastal Maryland, and subsequently compared and contrasted. Previously reported hydrogeochemical parameters for all three aquifer were used to demonstrate how changes in oxidation-reduction conditions and solution chemistry along the flow paths in each of the aquifers affected the concentrations of As and Sb. Total Sb concentrations (Sb T ) of groundwaters from the Carrizo Sand aquifer range from 16 to 198 pmol kg -1 ; in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Sb T concentrations range from 8.1 to 1,462 pmol kg -1 ; and for the Aquia aquifer, Sb T concentrations range between 23 and 512 pmol kg -1 . In each aquifer, As and Sb (except for the Carrizo Sand aquifer) concentrations are highest in the regions where Fe(III) reduction predominates and lower where SO 4 reduction buffers redox conditions. Groundwater data and sequential analysis of the aquifer sediments indicate that reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxides/oxyhydroxides and subsequent release of sorbed As and Sb are the principal mechanism by which these metalloids are mobilized. Increases in pH along the flow path in the Carrizo Sand and Aquia aquifer also likely promote desorption of As and Sb from mineral surfaces, whereas pyrite oxidation mobilizes As and Sb within oxic groundwaters from the recharge zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Both metalloids are subsequently removed from solution by readsorption and/or coprecipitation onto Fe(III) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (oxides/oxyhydroxides and mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxides, clay minerals, and pyrite. Speciation modeling using measured and computed Eh values predicts that Sb(III) predominate in Carrizo Sand and Upper Floridan aquifer groundwaters, occurring as the Sb(OH) 3 0 species in solution. In oxic groundwaters from the recharge zones of these aquifers, the speciation model suggests that Sb(V) occurs as the negatively charged Sb(OH) 6 -species, whereas in sufidic groundwaters from both aquifers, the thioantimonite species, HSb 2 S 4 -and Sb 2 S 4 2-, are predicted to be important dissolved forms of Sb. The measured As and Sb speciation in the Aquia aquifer indicates that As(III) and Sb(III) predominate. Comparison of the speciation model results based on measured Eh values, and those computed with the Fe(II)/Fe(III), S(-II)/SO 4 , As(III)/As(V), and Sb(III)/Sb(V) couples, to the analytically determined As and Sb speciation suggests that the Fe(II)/Fe(III), S(-II)/SO 4 couples exert more control on the in situ redox condition of these groundwaters than either metalloid redox couple.

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Section: Upper Floridan Aquifermentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Upper Floridan Aquifermentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and Antimony in Groundwater Flow Systems: A Comparative Study

2011

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“…Consequently, it is typically undersaturated with respect to calcite, allowing dissolution of the limestone aquifer at the water table (Mylroie and Carew 2003;Moore 2009). Caves have been observed to occur at discrete horizons in the UFA, possibly corresponding to past water-table locations (Miller 1986;Florea et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) and emerges at the River Rise, a first magnitude spring. The Santa Fe River continues to flow over undifferentiated sands and the unconfined late Eocene Ocala Limestone of the UFA (Miller 1986) for 45 km to its confluence with the Suwannee River.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions of diffuse and focused allogenic recharge in an eogenetic karst aquifer (Florida, USA)

et al. 2012

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The karstic upper Floridan aquifer in northcentral Florida (USA) is recharged by both diffuse and allogenic recharge. To understand how recharged water moves within the aquifer, water levels and specific conductivities were monitored and slug tests were conducted in wells installed in the aquifer surrounding the Santa Fe River Sink and Rise. Results indicate that diffuse recharge does not mix rapidly within the aquifer but instead flows horizontally. Stratification may be aided by the high matrix porosity of the eogenetic karst aquifer. Purging wells for sample collection perturbed conductivity for several days, reflecting mixing of the stratified water and rendering collection of representative samples difficult. Interpretive numerical simulations suggest that diffuse recharge impacts the intrusion of allogenic water from the conduit by increasing hydraulic head in the surrounding aquifer and thereby reducing influx to the aquifer from the conduit. In turn, the increase of head within the conduits affects flow paths of diffuse recharge by moving newly recharged water vertically as the water table rises and falls. This movement may result in a broad vertical zone of dissolution at the water table above the conduit system, with thinner and more focused water-table dissolution at greater distance from the conduit.

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“…For time-to-depth conversions, acoustic velocities of 1,500 and 1,700 m/s were assumed (and confirmed with coring data) for the water and sediment columns, respectively. Standard stratigraphic nomenclature for the southeastern United States (e.g., Miller 1985) and standard methods of Original article sequence stratigraphy (Payton 1977;Vail 1987) were used in data interpretation. Seismic reflectors associated with major unconformities were identified at the top of the UFA (generally R4) and at the top of the Miocene aquitard (generally R1 or R2) and were used to map the thickness of the Miocene aquitard and depths to the top of the UFA (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the threat of seawater intrusion in a regional coastal aquifer-aquitard system in the southeastern United States

Foyle

Henry

Alexander

2002

Environmental Geology

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The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) beneath the southeastern US Atlantic Coastal Plain and inner continental shelf is a major source of groundwater for coastal Georgia (GA) and South Carolina (SC), where it supplies over 50% of water requirements. Since pumping from the UFA first began at Savannah, GA in the late 1800s, a large ($50 km radius) cone of depression has developed on the aquifer's potentiometric surface. Where a regional Miocene-age aquitard overlying the UFA is thin or absent within this cone, the opportunity exists for seawater to leak downward through the seabed and into the aquifer. Recently completed marine reflection seismic surveys on the GeorgiaSouth Carolina coast identified 11 areas of concern (AOCs) where the UFA is susceptible to seawater intrusion. Results from this project, and from an AOC test-drilling program recently completed, are contributing to a large database of information and models being developed for the UFA by several agencies and academic institutions. The results will provide input necessary for managing groundwater resources and mitigating potential seawater intrusion on the Georgia-South Carolina coast.

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Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina

Cited by 315 publications

References 21 publications

Arsenic and Antimony in Groundwater Flow Systems: A Comparative Study

Arsenic and Antimony in Groundwater Flow Systems: A Comparative Study

Interactions of diffuse and focused allogenic recharge in an eogenetic karst aquifer (Florida, USA)

Mapping the threat of seawater intrusion in a regional coastal aquifer-aquitard system in the southeastern United States

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