Hydrogeochemistry of high-temperature geothermal systems in China: A review

Guo, Qinghai

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.006

Cited by 106 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Abundant geothermal springs have been reported on the Chinese mainland [7]. Most of the high-temperature geothermal springs are distributed in southwestern China, including southern Tibet, western Sichuan, and western Yunnan [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The Xianshuihe fault zone (XFZ) of western Sichuan is a famous area with a significant number of geothermal springs [15] (Figure 1a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Abundant geothermal waters have been reported in the Yalabamei, Zhonggu, Erdaoqiao, and Yulingong geothermal areas of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of western Sichuan, southwestern China. This study focused on the hydrogeochemical evolution, reservoir temperature, and recharge origin of geothermal waters using hydrochemical and deuterium-oxygen (D-O) isotopic studies. Shallow geothermal waters represented by geothermal springs and shallow drilled water wells are divided into two hydrochemical groups: (1) the Ca–Na–HCO3 type in the Erdaoqiao area, and (2) Na–HCO3 in other areas. Deep geothermal waters represented by deep drilled wells are characterized by the Na–Cl–HCO3 type. The major ionic compositions of geothermal water are primarily determined by the water–rock interaction with silicate and carbonate minerals. The reservoir temperatures estimated by multi-geothermometries have a range of 63–150 °C for shallow geothermal water and of 190–210 °C for deep geothermal water, respectively. The δ18O and δD compositions indicated geothermal waters are recharged by meteoric water from the elevation of 2923–5162 m. Based on the aforementioned analyses above, a conceptual model was constructed for the geothermal system in the Xianshuihe fault zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…However, the mechanisms controlling the Li ionic behavior during the transportation and enrichment processes are unclear and the extent of Li scavenging by clay and evaporites has not been assessed in The formation of geothermal springs is interpreted as the infiltration and circulation of meteoric waters along some stretching tensile active tectonic belts or suture zones [77,81]. The meteoric water was heated by the crustal remelting magmas, then discharged as hot springs (geothermal waters) at the surface [77,81]. During this process, water-rock interaction and magmatic residuals may contribute abundant Li to the waters [69,81].…”

Section: The Sources Of LI In Brines In Salt Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemistry, Distribution and Formation of Lithium-Rich Brines in Salt Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Fan

Wang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) are remarkable for Li-rich brines. Along with the surging demand of Li, the Li-rich brines in salt lakes on the QTP are of great importance for China’s Li supply. Previous studies reported the geological, geographical, geochemical signatures of numerous salt lakes on the QTP; however, conclusive work and the internal relationships among the hydrochemistry, distribution and geological setting of Li-rich salt lakes are still inadequate. In this study, major and trace (Li, B) ionic compositions of 74 Li-rich salt lakes on the QTP were reviewed. The Li-rich brines cover various hydrochemical types (carbonate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and chloride types) and present horizontal zoning from the southwest to the northeast along with the stronger aridity. The Li concentrations and Mg/Li ratios in these salt lakes range from 23 to 2895 mg/L, 0.0 to 1549.4, respectively. The distribution of these salt lakes is close to the major suture zones. Geothermal water is proposed to be the dominant source of Li in the investigated salt lakes, while weathering of Li-bearing sediments and igneous rocks, and brine migration provide a minor part of Li. Four factors (sufficient Li sources, arid climate, endorheic basin and time) should be considered for the formation of Li-rich brines in salt lakes on the QTP.

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“…The heat source for the high-temperature geothermal system in the research area is a partially melted crustal layer, as is seen in most high-temperature geothermal fields [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. A high-temperature geothermal system with a magmatic Figure 1: Distribution of hydrothermally active belts on the Tibetan Plateau [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Geothermal Fluids in the Chabu High-Temperature Geothermal System, Southern Tibet

Wang

Gan

et al. 2018

Geofluids

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This study defines reasonable reservoir temperatures and cooling processes of subsurface geothermal fluids in the Chabu high-temperature geothermal system. This system lies in the south-central part of the Shenzha-Xietongmen hydrothermal active belt and develops an extensive sinter platform with various and intense hydrothermal manifestations. All the geothermal spring samples collected systematically from the sinter platform are divided into three groups by cluster analysis of major elements. Samples of group 1 and group 3 are distributed in the central part and northern periphery of the sinter platform, respectively, while samples of group 2 are scattered in the transitional zone between groups 1 and 3. The hydrochemical characteristics show that the geothermal waters of the research area have generally mixed with shallow cooler waters in reservoirs. The reasonable reservoir temperatures and the mixing processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids could be speculated by combining the hydrochemical characteristics of geothermal springs, calculated results of the chemical geothermometers, and silica-enthalpy mixing models. Contour maps are applied to measured emerging temperatures, mass flow rates, total dissolved solids of spring samples, and reasonable subsurface temperatures. They indicate that the major cooling processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids gradually transform from adiabatic boiling to conduction from the central part to the peripheral belt. The geothermal reservoir temperatures also show an increasing trend. The point with the highest reservoir temperature (256°C) appears in the east-central part of the research area, which might be the main up-flow zone. The cooling processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids in the research area can be shown on an enthalpy-chloride plot. The deep parent fluid for the Chabu geothermal field has a Cl− concentration of 290 mg/L and an enthalpy of 1550 J/g (with a water temperature of 369°C).

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Hydrogeochemistry of high-temperature geothermal systems in China: A review

Cited by 106 publications

References 67 publications

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Hydrochemistry, Distribution and Formation of Lithium-Rich Brines in Salt Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Geothermal Fluids in the Chabu High-Temperature Geothermal System, Southern Tibet

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