Hydrogeochemical models locating sulfate-methane transition zone in marine sediments overlying black shales: A new tool to locate biogenic methane?

Arning, Esther T; Gaucher, Éric C.; Berk, Wolfgang van; Schulz, Hans-Martin

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.10.004

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…There is a broad spectrum of sedimentary environments in which similar factors may control sol-gel processes in isolated micro-environments, e.g. oil-water contacts in oil fields [10], or during barite precipitation at the sulphate-methane transition zone (SMT; [54]). However, the controlling factors may also prevail in non-sedimentary environments, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Processes in Micro-Environments of Black Shale: Learning from the Industrial Production of Nanometer-Sized TiO2 Polymorphs

Schulz

2019

ChemEngineering

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Micro-environments in black shale are reactors for geochemical reactions that differ from the bulk scale. They occur in small isolated pores of several 10 s to 100 s of nanometers without or with limited ionic exchange by diffusion to the surrounding matrix. The example of the formation of titania polymorphs brookite (and anatase) in black shale demonstrates that pH < 4 of the pore waters or lower must prevail to enable dissolution of Ti-bearing precursors followed by the precipitation of these metastable solids. Comparably low pH is applied during the industrial production of nanometer-sized brookite or anatase by sol-gel methods. The process parameters during industrial production such as low pH, negative Eh, or low ionic strength (to promote agglomeration) allow a comparison with parameters during geochemical processes leading to titania formation in black shale. Sol-gel processes are suggested herein as key geochemical processes in micro-environments of black shale in order to understand the formation of single brookite crystals or agglomerates on a nanometer scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Processes in Micro-Environments of Black Shale: Learning from the Industrial Production of Nanometer-Sized TiO2 Polymorphs

Schulz

2019

ChemEngineering

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“…Barium contained in cold seep fluids is often thought to originate from the dissolution of barite contained in deeper buried sediment, below the sulfate depletion level (SMTZ) of marine sediments (Torres et al, 2003;Arning et al, 2015). Sediments rich in biogenic barite are associated with high biologically productive oceans (Stroobants et al, 1991), as was the case during deposition of the Moreno Formation (Fonseca-Rivera, 1997).…”

Section: Element 2 Of the Elementary Sequence: Micritic Rim (N°3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of biogenic gas migration revealed by seep carbonate paragenesis, Panoche Hills, California

Blouet¹,

Imbert²,

Foubert³

2017

Bulletin

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A comprehensive study of seep carbonates at the top of the organic-rich Maastrichtian to Danian Moreno Formation in the Panoche Hills (California) reveals the mechanisms of generation, expulsion, and migration of biogenic methane that fed the seeps. Two selected outcrops show that seep carbonates developed at the tip of sand dykes intrude up into the Moreno Formation from deeper sandbodies. Precipitation of methane-derived cements occurred in a succession of up to 10 repeated elementary sequences, each starting with a corrosion surface followed by dendritic carbonates, botryoidal aragonite, aragonite fans, and finally laminated micrite. Each element of the sequence reflects three stages. First, a sudden methane pulse extended up into the oxic zone of the sediments, leading to aerobic oxidation of methane and carbonate dissolution. Second, after consumption of the oxygen, anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled with sulfate reduction triggered carbonate precipitation. Third, progressive diminishment of the methane seepage led to the deepening of the reaction front in the sediment and the lowering of precipitation rates. Carbonate isotopes, with d 13 C as low as -51‰ Peedee belemnite, indicate a biogenic origin for the methane, whereas a one-dimensional basin model suggests that the Moreno Formation was in optimal thermal conditions for bacterial methane generation at the time of seep carbonate precipitation. Methane pulses are interpreted to reflect drainage by successive episodes of sand injection into the gas-generating shale of the Moreno Formation. The seep carbonates of the Panoche Hills can thus be viewed as a record of methane production from a biogenic source rock by multiphase hydraulic fracturing. A U T H O R S

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“…The amount of carbon oxidation during sulfate reduction is proportional to the alkalinity increase, with stoichiometry suggesting that two-thirds of the sulfate reduction is the result of organic-material oxidation, the other one-third, the result of methane oxidation (Fig. 6;Berner 1981;Fulthorpe et al 2011;Arning et al 2015).…”

Section: Diagenetic Trends With Depth Eogenesis and The Transition Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transformation of Sediment Into Rock: Insights From IODP Site U1352, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand

Marsaglia¹,

Browne²,

George³

et al. 2017

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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At Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 317 Site U1352, east of the South Island New Zealand, we continuously cored a 1927-m-thick Holoceneto-Eocene section where we can uniquely document downhole changes in induration and lithification in siliciclastic to calcareous fine-grained sediment using a wide range of petrological, physical-property, and geochemical data sets. Porosity decreases from around 50% at the surface to 5-10% at the base of the deepest hole, with a corresponding increase in density from ~ 2 to ~ 2.5 g cm 3. There are progressive bulk mineral changes with depth, including an increase in carbonate and decrease in quartz and clay content. Grain compaction is first seen in thin section at 347 m below sea floor and intensifies downhole. Pressure solution (chemical compaction) begins at 380 m and is common below 1440 m, with stylolite development below 1600 m, and sediment injection features below 1680 m. Porewater geochemistry and petrographic observations document two active zones of cementation, one shallow (eogenetic) down to ~ 50 m, as evidenced by micritic nodules and pore-water geochemistry driven by methane oxidation by sulfate, and another burial-related cementation zone (mesogenetic) starting at ~ 300 m. A transitional zone occurs between 50 and 300 m. Our results quantify downhole diagenetic changes and verify depth estimates for these processes inferred from outcrop studies, and provide an actualistic example of cementation and compaction trends in a slope setting.

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Hydrogeochemical models locating sulfate-methane transition zone in marine sediments overlying black shales: A new tool to locate biogenic methane?

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Sol-Gel Processes in Micro-Environments of Black Shale: Learning from the Industrial Production of Nanometer-Sized TiO2 Polymorphs

Sol-Gel Processes in Micro-Environments of Black Shale: Learning from the Industrial Production of Nanometer-Sized TiO2 Polymorphs

Mechanisms of biogenic gas migration revealed by seep carbonate paragenesis, Panoche Hills, California

The Transformation of Sediment Into Rock: Insights From IODP Site U1352, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand

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