Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Meltwater Quality Using Major Ion Chemistry: A Case Study of Bara Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, India

Singh, Virendra Bahadur; Ramanathan, Alagappan; Kuriakose, T.

doi:10.1007/s40009-014-0310-z

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Dutt (1961) reported that the bedrock and moraines of Bara Shigri are mainly dark-brown mica schist with occasional Haimanta (Cambrian) conglomerates. Further up-glacier and over a distance of several kilometres bedrock is formed by granite, gneiss, muscovite-quartzite and schist (Singh and others, 2015).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri Glacier, Indian Himalaya

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. Despite the important role of supraglacial debris in ablation, knowledge of debris thickness on Himalayan glaciers is sparse. A recently developed method based on reanalysis data and thermal band satellite imagery has proved to be potentially suitable for debris thickness estimation without the need for detailed field data. In this study, we further develop the method and discuss possibilities and limitations arising from its application to a glacier in the Himalaya with scarce in situ data. Surface temperature patterns are consistent for 13 scenes of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat 7 imagery and correlate well with incoming shortwave radiation and air temperature. We use an energy-balance approach to subtract these radiation or air temperature effects, in order to estimate debris thickness patterns as a function of surface temperature. Both incoming shortwave and longwave radiation are estimated with reasonable accuracy when applying parameterizations and reanalysis data. However, the model likely underestimates debris thickness, probably due to incorrect representation of vertical debris temperature profiles, the rate of heat storage and turbulent sensible heat flux. Moreover, the uncertainty of the result was found to increase significantly with thicker debris, a promising result since ablation is enhanced by thin debris of 1-2 cm.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri Glacier, Indian Himalaya

et al. 2015

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“…(9.7 %) and K ? Various weathering processes in parental rocks are responsible for production of different dissolved ions in the river/glacier water [20,21,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. The scatter diagram between (Ca ?…”

Section: Hydrogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The big data matrix is diminished into two small ones with the help of principal component analysis, which is responsible for explanation of most of the intimation within the original data [60]. Eigenvalue more than one is recognized as an important contributing factor [46,61].…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis/factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry of Meltwater of the Chaturangi Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Singh

Ramanathan

Pottakkal

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci.

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A hydrochemical analysis of meltwater draining from Chaturangi glacier was conducted to determine the dissolved ions chemistry and to evaluate the geochemical processes controlling major ions chemistry of the study area. Ca 2? , Mg 2? and SO 4 2-are the dominant ions in the glacier meltwater. The ratio of (Ca ? Mg) versus TZ ? varied from 0.79 to 0.86 with an average value of 0.82 ± 0.02 indicating larger contribution of Ca and Mg to the total cations. (Ca ? Mg)/(Na ? K) ratio is also high, varying from 3.77 to 6.33 with an average value of 4.77 ± 0.79. This shows the dominancy of carbonate weathering in the study area. The scatter diagram between (Ca ? Mg) versus SO 4 2-shows a linear trend throughout the range of data, indicating the dissolution of sulphate minerals as one of the possible source of SO 4 2-in the Chaturangi glacier meltwater. The C-ratio of meltwater of the study area shows that sulphide oxidation is the major proton producing mechanism. Correlation matrix and principal component analysis (factor analysis) were applied for identification of various processes controlling solute acquisition in the Chaturangi glacier meltwater.

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“…Earlier studies on the chemistry of the major ions in the Himalayas engrossed in recognizing chemical input in glacial meltwater. Various studies of Himalayan glaciers have suggested that water transients over sub-glacial waterways encounter rock substrate experiencing a signi cant chemical change in meltwater (Singh et al, 2015. Some studies specify that the high degree of differential erosion in Himalayan glaciated areas is the consequence of the long interaction time of meltwater through bedrock (Haritashya et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies of Himalayan glaciers have suggested that water transients over sub-glacial waterways encounter rock substrate experiencing a signi cant chemical change in meltwater (Singh et al, 2015. Some studies specify that the high degree of differential erosion in Himalayan glaciated areas is the consequence of the long interaction time of meltwater through bedrock (Haritashya et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2015). Investigating hydrochemistry in the Himalayas is highly important, and several researchers (Haritashya et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2015; have contributed to this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate statistical analysis and geospatial approach for evaluating hydro-geochemical characteristics of meltwater from Shaune Garang glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India

Kumar

Bhardwaj

et al. 2022

Acta Geophys.

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The study focuses on the hydro-geochemistry of Shaune Garang glacier's meltwater concerning glacial geomorphology. Seventy-nine water samples (53 in 2016 and 26 in 2017) of ablation season were analyzed. The cations were dominant in the order Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na + > K + , and the anions in the order HCO 3 − > SO 4 2− > Cl − > NO 3 − .Ca 2+ . The result demonstrated that HCO 3 − were the abundant ions, accounting for 41.03 and 34.84% of the total ionic budget (TZ). The high ionic proportions of (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) versus TZ + and (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) versus (Na + +K + ) were identi ed as the primary factors in uencing dissolved ion chemistry in meltwater. Piper diagram shows that Ca 2+ -HCO 3 − type water is the most common, followed by Mg 2+ -HCO 3 − . In addition, a remote sensing approach has been used to nd the possible source of the chemical constituents in the meltwater. The catchment geology has been mapped on various scales, including diverse rocks and unconsolidated surface materials containing "quartz and carbonate minerals". Layered silicates (LS) and "hydroxyl-bearing minerals" are not as common as they used to be, but their availability varies greatly in the area where they are found. The distribution of Layered silicate (LS) minerals within the catchment are majorly found at lower altitudes, which implies the weathering mechanism due to the interaction of meltwater and parental rock. Multivariate analysis revealed that CO 3 and SiO 2 weathering, sulphate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation dominate dissolved ion concentrations. Chemometric analysis of meltwater hydro-geochemistry through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explains 72.1% of the total variance of four PCs.

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Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Meltwater Quality Using Major Ion Chemistry: A Case Study of Bara Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri Glacier, Indian Himalaya

Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri Glacier, Indian Himalaya

Hydrogeochemistry of Meltwater of the Chaturangi Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Multivariate statistical analysis and geospatial approach for evaluating hydro-geochemical characteristics of meltwater from Shaune Garang glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India

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