Hydrogenolysis of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Produce 2,5‐Dimethylfuran Over Ru‐ZrO₂‐MCM‐41 Catalyst

Abstract

In this work, an effective catalytic route for the selective hydrogenolysis of renewable biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to high quality bio‐fuel 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) was reported using Ru supported on ZrO2‐MCM‐41. The synthesized Ru supported on ZrO2‐MCM‐41 catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, BET surface area, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA and TPD. Reaction parameters, like time, metal loading on ZrO2‐MCM‐41, catalyst loading, temperature, H2 pressure and solvent, were optimized for the conversion of HMF to DMF using prepared catalyst. The investigation performed in this study shows that Ru supported on ZrO2‐MCM‐41 is highly active and selective catalyst for effective transformation of the HMF into DMF in high yield and selectivity. With the use of 2 wt % Ru‐ZrO2‐MCM‐41 catalyst, 90% yield of DMF was obtained from HMF with very short reaction time of 1 h. The catalyst was recycled upto six time with slight decrease in yield after 4th cycle. A direct conversion of Fructose to DMF was also achieved in 53% yield using Amberlyst‐15 and 2%Ru‐ZrO2‐MCM‐41 combined catalyst in n‐butanol.

Progress in Selective Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to DHMF and DMF

“…The result of experiment illustrates that reaction temperature has obviously effect on yield of DMF. Raut et al, [178] they prepare 2 %Ru‐ZrO 2 ‐MCM‐41 catalyst by Ru supported on ZrO 2 ‐MCM‐41. The catalyst has highly activity and selectivity for the hydrogenolysis of HMF to DMF.…”

Catalyst-Based Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran from Carbohydrates as a Sustainable Biofuel Production Route

“…Pd/C/ZnCl 2 was also proven to outperform Ru/C/ZnCl 2 , owing to a sturdy interaction between ZnCl 2 and Pd/C. Meanwhile, the Ru–ZrO 2 –MCM-41 catalyst obtained from the blending of Ru and ZrO 2 –MCM-41 delivered a motivating outcome of 90% DMF yield in a diminutive reaction time of 1 h. Likewise, the elevated yield was associated with the high activity of spheroidal Ru nanoparticles (<20 nm) on the ZrO 2 –MCM-41 catalyst, which augmented the selective HDO of HMF and, sequentially, the DMF yield . In general, the combination of Ru and Co afforded an unprecedented conversion efficiency of HMF to DMF, although H 2 was usually used as a donor.…”

“…Meanwhile, the Ru−ZrO 2 −MCM-41 catalyst obtained from the blending of Ru and ZrO 2 −MCM-41 delivered a motivating outcome of 90% DMF yield in a diminutive reaction time of 1 h. Likewise, the elevated yield was associated with the high activity of spheroidal Ru nanoparticles (<20 nm) on the ZrO 2 −MCM-41 catalyst, which augmented the selective HDO of HMF and, sequentially, the DMF yield. 164 used as a donor. In the future, other donors should be developed to not only ensure safety but also improve DMF yield.…”