Hydrogenative regeneration of a Pt/La-Y zeolite catalyst deactivated in the isobutane/n-butene alkylation

Klingmann, Raoul; Josl, Rouven; Traa, Yvonne; Gläser, Roger; Weitkamp, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2004.11.032

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since acceleration of the alkylation in haloalkane supported IL-catalysis leads to a rapid formation of C 8 ? -carbocations, the slow hydride shift from isobutane to the C 8 ?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-species with isobutane or in other words the concentration of isobutane in vicinity of the C 8 ? -cation is the most important parameter for the catalytic cycle to TMP-selectivity.…”

Section: Solubility Of Iso-paraffins and 2-olefins In Chloroaluminatementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since propene is a very reactive compound under alkylation conditions one should assume that propene is released in the ionic liquid and reacts rapidly with isobutane to form C 7 or dimerizes to C 6 . The isopentyl cation formed through cracking of C 8 ? is converted to isopentane via hydride transfer.…”

Section: Effect Of Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although substantial progress for solid catalysts has been reported in literature, they still show a fast deactivation [6,7]. Some attempts to regenerate the solid catalysts using hydrogen are reported, but the initial activity can not be restored completely during the regeneration process [8,9]. Other alternatives described in literature are highly Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, which are prepared by mixing of Lewis acidic ionic liquids with Brønsted acids in order to provide the catalytic active species [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of different promoters on activity and selectivity of Lewis-acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalysts was studied for isobutane/2-butene alkylation. When tert-butyl halides are used as promoters, the active species of the alkylation reaction, which is the tertbutyl cation, is directly generated whereas upon catalysis with Brønsted-acid supported ionic liquids, this species is indirectly provided through a hydride shift between protonated 2-butene and isobutane. Experimental results both from batch and continuously operated liquid phase alkylation reactors indicate, that tert-butyl halides are able to speed up the reaction rate significantly and shift the C 8 -selectivity towards the desired high-octane trimethylpentanes (TMPs). However, secondary reactions like oligomerization and cracking could not be suppressed by the use of this additives and high deactivation rates in continuous opperation were observed. Suggestions are made, how the product composition is effected by the additive and how the promoted IL-catalyst system is deactivated with time on stream.

show abstract

“…Since acceleration of the alkylation in haloalkane supported IL-catalysis leads to a rapid formation of C 8 ? -carbocations, the slow hydride shift from isobutane to the C 8 ?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-species with isobutane or in other words the concentration of isobutane in vicinity of the C 8 ? -cation is the most important parameter for the catalytic cycle to TMP-selectivity.…”

Section: Solubility Of Iso-paraffins and 2-olefins In Chloroaluminatementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect Of Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene, high activities have been reported using large-pore zeolites such as USY 7) , La-X 8) , H-BEA 9) , and MCM-22 10) . However, industrial application of these zeolites for the alkylation process is still difficult because of rapid catalyst deactivation caused by pore-plugging with oligomerized hydrocarbon produced via multiple alkylation 11), 12) . Therefore, selective activity for monoalkylation and inhibition of multiple alkylation are optimum characteristics for stable activity in alkylation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-ベータゼオライトを用いたcstr中でのイソブタンの1-ブテンによるアルキル化（第1報）ゼオライトの構造および合成法のアルキル化反応への影響

Sekine

Ichikawa

Tajima

et al. 2012

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of zeolite structures on alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene were investigated in a batch reactor and in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using the proton-form zeolites, H-ZSM-5, H-L, H-Y, and H-BEA (beta). H-ZSM-5 and H-L zeolite catalysts were deactivated rapidly, whereas H-Y and H-BEA zeolites retained catalytic activity for a long time in the CSTR, implying that zeolites with three-dimensional large pore systems are useful for preventing deactivation of the catalyst during alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene. H-BEA synthesized using a dried-gel method (DGC-H-BEA) showed the most stable activity among the various H-BEA zeolites. The effects of the synthesis methods and zeolite characteristics were investigated using H-BEA zeolite. Characterization using NH3-TPD and pyridine-sorption monitored by FT-IR showed that high acid density and high Brønsted acid ratio promoted alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene over H-BEA zeolite.

show abstract

Alkylation—Heterogeneous

Martı́nez

Corma

Prieto

et al. 2011

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alkylate or alkylation gasoline is produced by reacting isobutane with light olefins, generally the C 3 –C 4 cut from catalytic cracking (FCC) units, in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. The alkylate product is mostly composed of a mixture of high octane isoparaffins being almost free of sulfur, olefins, and aromatics, thus making it a valuable component of reformulated gasoline. Unfortunately, today's commercial alkylation processes rely on the use of noxious HF and H 2 SO 4 liquid acids as catalysts and this imposes serious limitations, especially in the case of HF‐catalyzed processes, to expanding the worldwide alkylation capacity to the levels one might ideally envisage. This prompted to an intensive research work in the past 30 years in both academy and industry looking for alternative environment friendly solid acid catalysts that overcome the limitations of the current alkylation technologies. Since then, different types of solid acids, among which zeolites have deserved particular attention, have been investigated leading to outstanding advances in both catalyst and process design as well as in fundamental knowledge (nature of active sites, mechanism, etc.) that allowed several solid acid alkylation technologies being, at present, offered for commercialization. Unfortunately, refiners are still reluctant to assume the economic risks associated with the installation of a new alkylation technology, even if competitive, unless tighter environmental regulations become operational. In this article, the latest achievements in the use of green solid acid catalysts as potential alkylation catalysts are reviewed. After a short introduction, the main features of the different solid acids so far studied, including supported Brønsted and Lewis acids, acid resins both supported and unsupported, zeolites, sulfated and tungstated transition metal oxides, and heteropolyacids and related materials, in the alkylation reaction are addressed. Although they cannot be considered as true solid acids, the potential of ionic liquids as alkylation catalysts is also discussed. Finally, a brief description of the different solid acid alkylation processes so far developed is included, with special emphasis on the catalyst and reactor designs.

show abstract

Hydrogenative regeneration of a Pt/La-Y zeolite catalyst deactivated in the isobutane/n-butene alkylation

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

H-ベータゼオライトを用いたcstr中でのイソブタンの1-ブテンによるアルキル化（第1報）ゼオライトの構造および合成法のアルキル化反応への影響

Alkylation—Heterogeneous

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About