Hydrogenation of Pd/Mg films: A quantitative assessment of transport coefficients

Hadjixenophontos, Efi; Zhang, Kun; Weigel, Andreas; Stender, Patrick; Schmitz, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.017

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…They reported the linear growth constant obtained in the early stages at 200 • C to be equal to κ = 6.6 × 10 −9 cm•s −1 . Measurements in a wide temperature range from RT to 300 • C yield an Arrhenius behaviour with an activation energy E a = 28.1 kJ•mol −1 [159] and comparisons can be found in [160][161][162]. With supplementary investigations and calculations, this low activation energy, the described small grain size of 17 nm and the comparison to theoretical predictions of bulk diffusion led to the conclusion that grain boundary diffusion is the main transport mechanism [159].…”

Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Further cycling of their films was not discussed. Hadjixenophontos et al [159] demonstrated, also in thin films, that further de-hydrogenation and re-hydrogenation were possible regardless of the intermetallic reactions at the Mg/Pd interface. The formed phases were detected by TEM micrographs to form a very dense layer close to the surface and consumed the Pd layer over time.…”

Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practical restrictions often hinder a simultaneous analysis of all parameters (temperature, pressure and time) with the use of one single apparatus. Hadjixenophontos et al [159] suggested a way to fill that gap while studying the hydride formation by ex situ XPD and in situ resistance measurements in a wide range of parameters and demonstrated a linear to parabolic kinetic transition. By subsequently defining a resistivity model to their experimental results that considers this transition, they could quantitatively evaluate the kinetic parameters of diffusive transports through the hydride.…”

Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen as an energy carrier is very versatile in energy storage applications. Developments in novel, sustainable technologies towards a CO2-free society are needed and the exploration of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as well as solid-state hydrogen storage applications based on metal hydrides can provide solutions for such technologies. However, there are still many technical challenges for both hydrogen storage material and ASSBs related to designing low-cost materials with low-environmental impact. The current materials considered for all-solid-state batteries should have high conductivities for Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, while Al3+-based compounds are often marginalised due to the lack of suitable electrode and electrolyte materials. In hydrogen storage materials, the sluggish kinetic behaviour of solid-state hydride materials is one of the key constraints that limit their practical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the kinetic issues of hydride materials before discussing and considering them on the system level. This review summarizes the achievements of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) innovative training network (ITN) ECOSTORE, the aim of which was the investigation of different aspects of (complex) metal hydride materials. Advances in battery and hydrogen storage materials for the efficient and compact storage of renewable energy production are discussed.

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Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pure Metal Hydrides (Mg Pd Ti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

et al. 2020

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“…The possible microscopic origin of the kinetic barrier to boundary migration needs further consideration. In the classical case of intermetallic growth via substitutional interdiffusion, and even in the case of interstitial compounds such as the growth of silicides [10][11][12] and hydrides, [13,14] the existence of a kinetic barrier has been justified by the hindered migration of atoms through the phase boundary. Given the fast growth of the spinel phase beyond the interface, this is probably not the case here, (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extended linear regimes might be seen, if the reaction at the phase boundary requires a major reordering of the atomic arrangement at an interface particularly in the context to fast interstitial diffusion, for instance, with the growth of silicides [10][11][12] and hydrides. [13,14] Such interface-controlled transport results in a slow linear growth of the intermetallic/hydride phase in the initial stages of atomic transport (see ref. [35] ) rather than a faster parabolic growth.…”

Section: Growth Kinetics Of the Rock Salt Phase: A Linear To Parabolic Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow‐Moving Phase Boundary in Li_4/3+_xTi_5/3O₄

2021

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the material was first explored by Murphy et al. in 1983, [3] but only in 1995 Ohzuku et al. demonstrated its use in lithium-ion battery application and reported a nearly constant dis-/charge voltage of 1.55 V versus Li/Li + . [4] The constant voltage for de-/intercalation is indicative of a phase transformation during lithium insertion/ removal. However, the existence of a twophase reaction at room temperature and on a macroscopic scale has been debated in the past, with reports suggesting solidsolution [5] and/or nano-domains [6] in an equilibrium condition. Nevertheless, the existence of the two phases was confirmed by direct imaging individual phases using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). [7] A cubic unit-cell of Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 has 8 formula units with 32 oxygen atoms located at the 32e sites, 1/3rd of the lithium and all of the titanium atoms are occupying 16d sites (octahedral positions) and the remaining 8 atoms of lithium are at 8a sites (tetrahedral positions). [8] During the phase transformation to Li 7/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 upon lithium insertion, the atoms of lithium at the 8a sites shift to the neighboring 16c position (octahedral position) and the insertion of eight additional lithium atoms takes place in the remaining 16c positions thus filling up all of the octahedral sites. [4,8] This reordering and insertion of lithium atoms, is accompanied by a huge change in the electronic [8] and the optical properties. [9] However, structurally, there is a mere 0.2% change in the volume of the unit-cell (hence the term "zero-strain" phase transformation was coined). [4] The fast dis-/charge ability of LTO (practically achieved by surface modification and reducing particle size) [2] must be governed by the transport properties of lithium and the kinetics of phase propagation in the electrode, provided, the electronic conductivity is sufficient. Ganapathy et al., [16] using first-principle calculations, addressed the migration across the phase boundary and its movement during the phase transformation to explain the fast dis-/charging ability of this material. Their calculation suggests that a fast migration in and out of the phase boundary enables the phase boundary to move almost like a "liquid." This would be in contrast to some silicon-based [10][11][12] and hydrogen-based systems [13,14] where the interface between structurally different phases is known to hinder the migration of atoms. Such hindrance at the phase boundary would lead to a deviation from a normal diffusion-controlled parabolic growth to a slower interface-controlled linear growth of the silicide or hydride phase in the initial stages of atomic transport. This study is aimed at experimentally determining the migration of Lithium titanate is one of the most promising anode materials for high-power demands but such applications desire a complete understanding of the kinetics of lithium transport. The poor diffusivity of lithium in the completely lithiated and delithiated (pseudo spinel) phases challenges to explain the highr...

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Interface mixing and hydrogen absorption in Pd/Mg and Pd/Al/Mg thin films

Pacanowski

Wachowiak

Jablonski

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogenation of Pd/Mg films: A quantitative assessment of transport coefficients

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

Slow‐Moving Phase Boundary in Li_4/3+_xTi_5/3O₄

Interface mixing and hydrogen absorption in Pd/Mg and Pd/Al/Mg thin films

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Hydrogenation of Pd/Mg films: A quantitative assessment of transport coefficients

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity

Slow‐Moving Phase Boundary in Li4/3+xTi5/3O4

Interface mixing and hydrogen absorption in Pd/Mg and Pd/Al/Mg thin films

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Slow‐Moving Phase Boundary in Li_4/3+_xTi_5/3O₄