Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Value-Added Chemicals by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Plasma Catalysis

Abstract

Due to the increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), greenhouse effects are becoming more and more severe, causing global climate change. The conversion and utilization of CO2 is one of the possible solutions to reduce CO2 concentrations. This can be accomplished, among other methods, by direct hydrogenation of CO2, producing value-added products. In this review, the progress of mainly the last five years in direct hydrogenation of CO2 to value-added chemicals (e.g., CO, CH4, CH3OH, DME, olefins, and higher hydrocarbons) by heterogeneous catalysis and plasma catalysis is summarized, and research priorities for CO2 hydrogenation are proposed.

Recent Developments in the Modelling of Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Conversion to Chemicals

“… Possible mechanism and intermediates of methanol synthesis via CO 2 hydrogenation according to different studies a) formate mechanism, b) RWGS mechanism, c) hydrocarboxyl mechanism.…”

“…[24] Figure 4. Possible mechanism and intermediates of methanol synthesis via CO 2 hydrogenation according to different studies [18,134,135] a) formate mechanism, b) RWGS mechanism, c) hydrocarboxyl mechanism . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57…”

“…The most widely used method of CO 2 conversion is catalytic hydrogenation. Several articles about current experimental research of the CO 2 hydrogenation summarize the development of the most recent catalysts with proposed mechanisms . The majority of the literature is focused on methanol synthesis and mechanism of methanol formation on mainly used and most debated ZnO/Cu catalytic surface which makes it more accessible to find information about reaction pathways for methanol production.…”

“…Several articles about current experimental research of the CO 2 hydrogenation summarize the development of the most recent catalysts with proposed mechanisms. [5,[18][19][20][21] The majority of the literature is focused on methanol synthesis and mechanism of methanol formation on mainly used and most debated ZnO/Cu catalytic surface [22][23][24][25][26] which makes it more accessible to find information about reaction pathways for methanol production. Information about reaction intermediates and reaction pathways on various catalytic surfaces for preparation of other chemicals is not easily obtainable.…”

Carbon‐Modified CuO/ZnO Catalyst with High Oxygen Vacancy for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

“…Graphene oxide can be used as a bridge between mixed metal oxides, thus promoting the spillover of hydrogen from the copper surface to the carbon species adsorbed on the separated metal oxide particles and significantly improving the selectivity of methanol and the production speed of methanol . Graphene oxide improves the reducibility of Cu active component, the adsorption capacity of H 2 and CO 2 , and the catalytic activity . ZnO, with carbon modification derived from zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), is active for CO 2 capture and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to methanol …”