“…High-value chemical intermediates can be produced from aromatic amines, which are widely used as raw materials for many utility chemicals like fiber, explosives, polymers, cosmetics, pesticides, dyes, etc. − Anilines are industrially used as an intermediate for the production of dyes and artificial pigments. , Some patents are available on the reduction of p -NAP to corresponding amines or sometimes to alcohols by hydrogenation under high temperature and pressure in the presence of palladium or Raney nickel as catalysts. − The reduction of p -NAP to the aniline–ketone, aniline–methylene, and aniline–alcohol by the hydrogenation reaction with different palladium, platinum, and rhodium catalysts have been studied by Hawkins et al A few researchers have produced p -AAP from p -NAP by using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts such as bimetallic Rh 3 Ni 1 nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and rhodium/silica catalyst . There are some constraints related to those processes like the selectivity of products, waste minimization, environmental safety, and overall operational costs.…”