Hydrogenated fat consumption affects acylation-stimulating protein levels and cholesterol esterification rates in moderately hypercholesterolemic women

Abstract

To determine whether hydrogenated fat consumption alters triglyceride metabolism and cholesterol esterification rates, 14 women (65-71 years of age) were provided with each of four diets for 5-week periods according to a randomized cross-over design. The experimental diets contained either soybean oil (SO), low trans squeeze (SQM), medium trans tub (TM), or high trans stick (SM) margarines. Triglyceride uptake by adipose tissue was determined by measuring plasma acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), FFA, glucose, and insulin levels, while rates of transfer and esterification rate of newly synthesized cholesterol (ER) were derived by using plasma CETP levels and the deuterium incorporation methodology. Plasma ASP levels were lowest ( P Ͻ 0.05) in subjects on the SM diet (33.4 ؎ 12.7 nM) compared with the SO (48.7 ؎ 17.0 nM) and SQM (50.7 ؎ 15.7 nM) diets. Conversely, FFA were highest ( P Ͻ 0.05) on the SM diet (0.86 ؎ 0.45 mM) relative to all the other diets. No differences were observed in plasma glucose and insulin levels among diets. A trend toward higher CETP levels after consumption of the SM diet was observed. However, the ER was lowest ( P Ͻ 0.05) after the SM (0.111 ؎ 0.062 g•day Ϫ 1 ) diet and highest after consumption of the SQM (0.216 ؎ 0.123 g•day Ϫ 1 ) diet. In addition, ASP levels were negatively correlated with FFA ( r ‫؍‬ ؊ 0.63, P Ͻ 0.05), LDL cholesterol ( r ‫؍‬ ؊ 0.56, P Ͻ 0.05), and TG ( r ‫؍‬ ؊ 0.41, P Ͻ 0.05), whereas FFA was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins ( r ‫؍‬ 0.58 and 0.47, for VLDL and LDL cholesterol, P Ͻ 0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol ( r ‫؍‬ ؊ 0.51, P Ͻ 0.05). The ER was found to positively correlate with HDL cholesterol and HDL 2 subfraction ( r ‫؍‬ 0.53 and 0.45, respectively, P Ͻ 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrate that the alterations in circulating lipid levels, commonly observed with consumption of hydrogenated fat-rich diets, can be explained in part by changes in ASP activity as well as newly synthesized cholesterol ER.

Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications

“…Human studies: ASP and diet. While consumption of moderate alcohol and hydrogenated fat has been shown to reduce ASP levels (Beulens et al, 2008;Matthan et al, 2001), a study of nutritional control proposed that short-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet does not have that much influence on the concentrations of many adipokines like ASP in the absence of weight loss (Richard et al, 2013). The authors suggested that the nutritional factors cause no change in ASP concentrations since they might counter the effect of one other in the Mediterranean diet.…”