“…Plot of product yields against total hydrogen consumption for liquefaction of Yilan coal. Numbers attached to plots of oil yields correspond to the following runs: (1) none; (2) none, 0 h; (3) NiCl2-LiCl-KCl (loading level 0.1), 0 h; (4-6) LiCl-KCl (0.1,0.2,1.0); (7-10) MoCl3-LiCl-KCl (0.1,0.2, 0.5,1.0); (11)(12)(13)(14) NiCl2-LiCl-KCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0); (15)(16)(17)(18) MoCl3-Ni-Cl2-LiCl-KCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0). into (1) cracking coal and coal-derived heavy products, (2) hydrogenation and hence stabilization of the reactive fragments formed during cracking steps, and (3) the simultaneous removal of heteroatoms.2 From the viewpoint of stabilization of catalytically and thermally derived fragments, H2, H-donor solvent, and transferable hydrogen present in coal and coal-derived products are different but may play essentially the same roles.…”