Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside

Abstract

Hydrogen (H₂) is colorless, odorless, and the lightest of gas molecules. Studies in the past ten years have indicated that H₂ is extremely important in regulating the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system and metabolic activity. Delivery of H₂ by various strategies improves cardiometabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, vascular injury, ischemic or hypertrophic ventricular remodeling, intermittent hypoxia- or heart transplantation-induced heart injury, obesity and diabetes in animal models or in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physical and chemical properties of H₂, and then, the functions of H₂ with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms involved in the diseases above. We hope this review will provide the future outlook of H₂-based therapies for cardiometabolic disease.

Polymer Dots Compartmentalized in Liposomes as a Photocatalyst for In Situ Hydrogen Therapy

“…OH over other required ROS . A few conventional strategies have been used to deliver H 2 , including inhalation, ingestion of potable liquids, and intravenous drip infusion . However, the efficacy of these delivery strategies is restricted by the poor solubility of H 2 in water, saline, and blood.…”

Hydrogen: An Endogenous Regulator of Liver Homeostasis

“…H 2 is produced as an endproduct of carbohydrate fermentation, and is reoxidized primarily by sulfate-reduction, methanogenesis, and acetogenesis (Wolf et al, 2016). However, due to lack of the functional hydrogenase genes, mammalian cells fail to produce H 2 themselves; the endogenous H 2 in mammalian is mainly produced by hydrogenases-containing bacterial species present in human gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory system, mouth and pharynx, vagina, and skin (Zhang et al, 2018b;Tan et al, 2019). Over 200 pathogens and pathobionts, and 70% of microbial species in gastrointestinal tract listed in the Human Microbiome Project encode genes for hydrogenases (Wolf et al, 2016;Benoit et al, 2020).…”

“…Thus, inhalation of H 2 gas markedly suppressed focal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in rats by buffering the effects of oxidative stress. From then on, researchers have extensively investigated the functions and mechanisms of H 2 , studies indicated that supplement of exogenous H 2 has the potential abilities to protect against acute or chronic damage of tissues or organs, including brain, heart, blood vessel, lung, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidney, testis, ovary, breast, eye, ear, bones, skin, et al (Guo et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2016a;Zhang et al, 2016b;Ge et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017;Frajese et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018b;Chen et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2019;Tao et al, 2019). H 2 dissolved in medium protected PC12 cells against cell death in a dose-dependent manner, as that H 2 > 25 mM had significant anti-oxidative effect (Ohsawa et al, 2007).…”

Simultaneous production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from cracking of a waste cooking oil model compound over Ni‐Co / SBA ‐15 catalysts

“…Furthermore, hydrogen has a wide range of applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, chemistry and aerospace. [1][2][3][4] To date, several different hydrogen production processes have been studied and applied, including water electrolysis, 5 water photolysis 6 and hydrocarbon partial oxidation and reforming. [7][8][9][10] In addition to these processes, thermochemical pathways for the production of hydrogen/syngas by decomposition of methane, 11,12 ethanol, 13,14 as well as catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil (WCO), [15][16][17] are receiving increasing attention.…”