Hydrogen supply chain architecture for bottom-up energy systems models. Part 2: Techno-economic inputs for hydrogen production pathways

Bolat, Pelin; Thiel, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.170

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Electrolysis and CO 2 purification units are modelled as black box units and their investment costs are estimated using available figures in literature: Bolat and Thiel [56] for the electrolyser, and Heyne and Harvey [57] for the purification unit. The total cost of purchase of the equipments is estimated with CHEMCAD and also using the design criteria of Towler and Sinnot for heat exchangers cost estimation [58].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential

Pérez–Fortes

Schöneberger

Boulamanti

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

237

124

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Available online xxxKeywords: Carbon dioxide utilisation Process modelling Conceptual design Formic acid synthesis Hydrogen carrier Storage of renewable electricity a b s t r a c tThe future of carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) processes, depend on (i) the future demand of synthesised products with CO 2 , (ii) the availability of captured and anthropogenic CO 2 , (iii) the overall CO 2 not emitted because of the use of the CDU process, and (iv) the economics of the plant. The current work analyses the mentioned statements through different technological, economic and environmental key performance indicators to produce formic acid from CO 2 , along with their potential use and penetration in the European context. Formic acid is a well-known chemical that has potential as hydrogen carrier and as fuel for fuel cells.This work utilises process flow modelling, with simulations developed in CHEMCAD, to obtain the energy and mass balances, and the purchase equipment cost of the formic acid plant. Through a financial analysis, with the net present value as selected metric, the price of the tonne of formic acid and of CO 2 are varied to make the CDU project financially feasible. According to our research, the process saves CO 2 emissions when compared to its corresponding conventional process, under specific conditions. The success or effectiveness of the CDU process will also depend on other technologies and/or developments, like the availability of renewable electricity and steam.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The device selected to produce hydrogen is an alkaline electrolyser (AE), as it is the most commercialised one to date [56]. A small scale electrolyser (0.6 MW) is considered for the CDU plant.…”

Section: Black-box Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential

Pérez–Fortes

Schöneberger

Boulamanti

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

237

124

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“…Note that such a CO 2 emissions increase will not provide any advantage in terms of CO 2 savings regarding the conventional process of MeOH synthesis. Thus, it is mandatory to use a renewable source like wind, where it can be assumed that electricity is obtained at zero emissions [10,66]. …”

Section: Water Electrolysis To Produce Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t sA carbon utilisation plant that synthesise methanol is simulated in CHEMCAD. The total amount of CO 2 demand is 1.46 t/t methanol . The CO 2 not-produced compared to a conventional plant is 0.54 t/t methanol . Production costs results too high for a financially attractive project. There is a net potential for CO 2 emissions reduction of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr in Europe. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c t The purpose of this paper is to assess via techno-economic and environmental metrics the production of methanol (MeOH) using H 2 and captured CO 2 as raw materials. It evaluates the potential of this type of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) plant on (i) the net reduction of CO 2 emissions and (ii) the cost of production, in comparison with the conventional synthesis process of MeOH Europe. Process flow modelling is used to estimate the operational performance and the total purchased equipment cost; the flowsheet is implemented in CHEMCAD, and the obtained mass and energy flows are utilised as input to calculate the selected key performance indicators (KPIs). CO 2 -based metrics are used to assess the environmental impact. The evaluated MeOH plant produces 440 ktMeOH/yr, and its configuration is the result of a heat integration process. Its specific capital cost is lower than for conventional plants. However, raw materials prices, i.e. H 2 and captured CO 2 , do not allow such a project to be financially viable. In order to make the CCU plant financially attractive, the price of MeOH should increase in a factor of almost 2, or H 2 costs should decrease almost 2.5 times, or CO 2 should have a value of around 222 €/t, under the assumptions of this work. The MeOH CCU-plant studied can utilise about 21.5% of the CO 2 emissions of a pulverised coal (PC) power plant that produces 550 MW net of electricity. The net CO 2 emissions savings represent 8% of the emissions of the PC plant (mainly due to the avoidance of consuming fossil fuels as in the conventional MeOH synthesis process). The results demonstrate that there is a net but small potential for CO 2 emissions reduction; assuming that such CCU plants are constructed in http://dx.Europe to meet the MeOH demand growth and the quantities that are currently imported, the net CO 2 emissions reduction could be of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr.

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“…Para el componente Transformación, los costos están asociados con la utilización de la energía primaria renovable en la obtención del H 2 y varían según el tipo de fuente primaria y el proceso de conversión utilizado. En varios estudios de evaluación económica se señala que el uso de la biomasa como fuente del H 2 , es ya competitiva con las fuentes fósi-les [11,60]. Esta situación resulta favorable para la intención de desarrollar el SESH en el Ecuador, tomando en cuenta su potencial, la experiencia de su utilización en ingenios azucareros como fuente de energía; siendo también significativo que el principal proyecto de I&D reseñado se oriente al aprovechamiento de esta fuente renovable para la producción de H 2 .…”

Section: Desde Los Costos Del Seshunclassified

La Economía del Hidrógeno en el Ecuador: oportunidades y barreras

Rivera

Quezada

2014

Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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The hydrogen economy, H2, is an emerging energy paradigm proposed to H2 as the vector that drives the development of human society in this century, and as embodied in the energy system Solar Hydrogen SESH where primary sources are renewable, and it is the secondary source H2. A large number of countries are undertaking plans to incorporate the SESH in their energy structure. In this context, this paper argues whose purpose is to identify and analyze the factors involved in the development of SESH in Ecuador, through research supported methodologically on a literature review and a survey of a group of experts involved, from different fields, renewable energy and the H2 as a vector. It is obtained that the country has sufficient potential exploitable renewable energy to ensure the operability of SESH, with hydropower and biomass are the most appropriate sources. Furthermore, the vision of development of the Ecuadorian state, driving the transformation of the energy matrix by the massive incorporation of renewable energy, would favor the gradual penetration SESH, especially in two niche opportunities, rural electrification and urban transport. Barriers are also reported: scarce and scattered research activity; minimum formation of human talent necessary for the operation and innovation in the technologies of H2; absence of a legal and regulatory framework that encourages penetration SESH and the incipient formation of collaborative networks in research and advocacy, in the balance predominate advantages over the barriers. It is concluded that only by agreed action academia, research centers and private companies, under the tutelage of the state will allow this new energy system contributes to sustainable development and conductive Ecuador joining hydrogen economy.Keywords. Energy systems, hydrogen energy, renewable energy, Ecuador. ResumenLa economía del hidrógeno, H2, es un paradigma energético emergente que propone al H2 como el vector que conduzca el desarrollo de la sociedad humana en este siglo, y que se concreta en el sistema energético Solar Hidrógeno, SESH, en el cual las fuentes primarias son renovables y la fuente secundaria es el H2. Una amplia cantidad de países están emprendiendo planes para la incorporación del SESH en su estructura energética. En este contexto se plantea este artículo cuyo propósito es identificar y analizar los factores intervinientes en el desarrollo del SESH en el Ecuador, mediante una investigación soportada metodológicamente en una encuesta aplicada a un conjunto de expertos involucrados, desde diferentes ámbitos, con las energías renovables y con el H2 como vector, y en una revisión documental. Se obtiene que el país dispone de suficientes potenciales aprovechables de energías renovables para garantizar la operatividad del SESH, siendo la hidroenergía y la biomasa las fuentes más adecuadas. Además, la visión del desarrollo del Estado ecuatoriano, impulsando la transformación de la matriz energética mediante la incorporación masiva de las energías renovables, favorecería...

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Hydrogen supply chain architecture for bottom-up energy systems models. Part 2: Techno-economic inputs for hydrogen production pathways

Cited by 60 publications

References 182 publications

Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential

Formic acid synthesis using CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential

Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment

La Economía del Hidrógeno en el Ecuador: oportunidades y barreras

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