Hydrogen supply chain and challenges in large-scale LH2 storage and transportation

Ratnakar, Ram R.; Gupta, Nikunj; Zhang, Kun; Doorne, Casimir van; Fesmire, James E.; Dindoruk, Birol; Balakotaiah, Vemuri

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.025

Cited by 218 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Centrally located hydrogen production can produce more fuel but delivery costs increased which suggests the distributed facilities in turn again with higher production costs due to low volume. Many researchers focus on these topics to solve these issues [94,95]. Finally, all the safety issues posed during generation, transport, and use of hydrogen are highly sophisticated topics [96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Technological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Peksen¹

2021

Energies

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The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the fact that 71.27% of hydrogen is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is a promising clean way to contribute to and maintain a climate neutral ecosystem. Thereby, reaching CO2 targets for 2030 and beyond requires cross-sectoral changes. However, the strong motivation of governments for climate neutrality is challenging many sectors. One of them is the transport sector, as it is challenged to find viable all-in solutions that satisfy social, economic, and sustainable requirements. Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. In Europe, 50% of the total emissions result from mobility. The following article reviews the background, ongoing challenges and potentials of new energy vehicles towards the development of an environmentally friendly hydrogen economy. A change management process mindset has been adapted to discuss the key scientific and commercial challenges for a successful transition.

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Section: Technological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Peksen¹

2021

Energies

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“…H 2 exists in different phases, including gaseous, liquid and solid. Under atmospheric conditions, Energy density of liquid H 2 is about three times that of compressed H 2 at 35 MPa [3,4]. High energy consumption in liquefaction process is one of the main barriers to liquid hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of standards for liquid hydrogen in China

Yang

Wang

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Liquid hydrogen is important to long distance hydrogen transportation and development of heavy-duty vehicles, etc. China starts to deploy liquid hydrogen since 2020. To support the development of liquid hydrogen, three national standards for liquid hydrogen have been published. In this paper, national standards for liquid hydrogen specification, production, storage and transportation, and hydrogen fueling station are reviewed. Compared to USA, standards for liquid hydrogen in China are insufficient. It is important to establish a complete standard system for liquid hydrogen to better support the commercial, safe use of liquid hydrogen.

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“…The generated electricity is trans ported by grid technologies and can be processed using electrolysis that yields the desired CO2 neutral green hydrogen. Further, the generated hydrogen can be stored in liquid o compressed gas forms or converted to other fluid forms by chemical processes [24,30,31] Depending on the fluid type and logistic location, the transport of the hydrogen is pur sued by methods such as pipelines or existing natural gas infrastructure or displaced in large trailers with marine shipping to be ultimately delivered in smaller amounts and loca trailers to the regional fueling stations. Before the hydrogen can be released into the vehi cle, its stored pressure is reduced through a pressure valve from high to mid-range, and using a pressure regulator further to the pressure fuel cells can accommodate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence-Based Machine Learning toward the Solution of Climate-Friendly Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Peksen¹

2022

Vehicles

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The rapid conversion of conventional powertrain technologies to climate-neutral new energy vehicles requires the ramping of electrification. The popularity of fuel cell electric vehicles with improved fuel economy has raised great attention for many years. Their use of green hydrogen is proposed to be a promising clean way to fill the energy gap and maintain a zero-emission ecosystem. Their complex architecture is influenced by complex multiphysics interactions, driving patterns, and environmental conditions that put a multitude of power requirements and boundary conditions around the vehicle subsystems, including the fuel cell system, the electric motor, battery, and the vehicle itself. Understanding its optimal fuel economy requires a systematic assessment of these interactions. Artificial intelligence-based machine learning methods have been emerging technologies showing great potential for accelerated data analysis and aid in a thorough understanding of complex systems. The present study investigates the fuel economy peaks during an NEDC in fuel cell electric vehicles. An innovative approach combining traditional multiphysics analyses, design of experiments, and machine learning is an effective blend for accelerated data supply and analysis that accurately predicts the fuel consumption peaks in fuel cell electric vehicles. The trained and validated models show very accurate results with less than 1% error.

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Hydrogen supply chain and challenges in large-scale LH2 storage and transportation

Cited by 218 publications

References 107 publications

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles

Development of standards for liquid hydrogen in China

Artificial Intelligence-Based Machine Learning toward the Solution of Climate-Friendly Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

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