Hydrogen sulfide regulates insulin secretion and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, a new promising target for diabetes mellitus treatment? A review

Abstract

Graphical abstract

The Interaction of the Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide and Oxytocin Systems in Fluid Regulation and the Cardiovascular System

“…OT, CSE and CBS are expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues [ 95 , 96 ]. H 2 S is endogenously released by skeletal muscle, liver, adipose and islet-β-cells [ 97 ]; the OT and OTR are also present in islet-β-cells and skeletal muscle cells [ 98 ]. OT has been reported to increase glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes via PI3K signaling [ 96 ]; exogenous H 2 S administration restored blood glucose levels in the previously mentioned CSEko mice, and was associated with an upregulation of cardiac OTR [ 19 ].…”

Hydrogen Sulfide, an Endogenous Stimulator of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer Cells

“…Moreover, metabolomic studies indicate that H 2 S can stimulate the activity of multiple Krebs cycle enzymes [ 56 , 58 ]. H 2 S was also found to upregulate glucose uptake in various cell types [ 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 ]; this may be very important to support the high glucose utilization of the cancer cell. Multiple metabolomic studies and genome wide gene expression studies [ 56 , 58 , 174 ] suggest that endogenously produced H 2 S plays a role in the reprogramming of the pyrimidine and purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glutamate metabolism, the urea cycle, and several other pathways.…”

Hydrogen sulfide in ageing, longevity and disease

“…There is currently a scarcity of studies interrogating the interaction of Acarbose with H 2 S. This presents a potentially fruitful area of novel research as H 2 S is already known to modulate insulin signalling and whole-animal glucose metabolism across tissues, cellular processes that appear intimately linked with longevity [ 141 ]. As with other signalling pathways, the effects of H 2 S are complex, with independent studies reporting either protective or deleterious effects [ 142 ]. The endogenous production of H 2 S in adipose cells was first described by Feng et al [ 143 ] who showed that elevated CSE expression and H 2 S production was correlated with insulin resistance in rats, suggestive of a deleterious diabetic phenotype associated with H 2 S expression in adipocytes.…”