“…The strategies for enhancement mainly focused on supplementation with organic carbon, either as defined compounds such as lactate ( Luptáková et al, 2016 ), pyruvate ( Calabrese and Bissonnette, 1990 ), ethanol ( Martin et al, 2003 ) or as complex sources like manure, whey, sawdust and other industry byproducts ( Christensen et al, 1996 ; Castro et al, 1999 ; Chang et al, 2000 ; Hao et al, 2014 ; Sampaio et al, 2020 ). This was investigated both at field sites ( Koschorreck et al, 2007 ; McCullough et al, 2008 ) and in more controlled laboratory settings, using in some cases the microbial communities present in the metal-contaminated material ( Greets et al, 2006 ) or mixed external environmental samples as additional microbial seed material ( Barbosa et al, 2014 ; Briones-Gallardo et al, 2022 ). However, biosulfidogenesis has also been shown to establish naturally in anoxic parts of AMD environments, both in AMD sediments ( Sánchez-Andrea et al, 2012 ; Falagán et al, 2015 ) and in the deep part of the water column of several permanently stratified (meromictic) APLs ( Falagán et al, 2014 ; Sánchez-España et al, 2020a ; van der Graaf et al, 2020 ), where it was linked to the natural attenuation of extreme conditions.…”