In recent times it has emerged that some dietary sulfur compounds can act on mammalian cell signalling systems via their propensity to release hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). H 2 S plays important biochemical and physiological roles in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, brain, kidney, and immune systems of mammals. Reduced levels of H 2 S in cells and tissues correlate with a spectrum of pathophysiological conditions including heart disease, diabetes, obesity and altered immune function. In view of the important roles for this molecule, researchers have now begun to explore the mechanisms by which dietary derived sulfur compounds, in addition to cysteine, can act as sources of H 2 S. Of the identified compounds, organic sulfides, isothiocyanates, and inorganic sulfur species including sulphate have received the most attention. Therefore, in the current review we will provide an overview of the literature focused on H 2 S release by these molecules.
InnovationPathways for the production and catabolism of the gaseous signalling molecule H 2 S have now been characterised in mammalian systems. Dysregulation in these pathways is seen in numerous diseases spanning various cancers through to neurological disorders. Less widely reported are the impacts of diet including lipids, caloric restriction, vitamins, and minerals, on H 2 S producing systems in mammalian cells and tissues. Furthermore, recent research has shown that distinct pools of H 2 S may also be produced in cells following the metabolism of various dietary derived sulfur-containing phytochemicals. Therefore, a better understanding of how diet impacts on H 2 S, as described here, will enable a better understanding of gaseous signalling networks in mammalian cells and tissues.