Hydrogen storage using carbon adsorbents: past, present and future

Dillon, Anne C.; Heben, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s003390100788

Cited by 607 publications

(362 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…50,51 This breadth of structural and synthetic diversity enables composition, surface area, and pore size and shape, to be tuned for hydrogen gas uptake.…”

Section: Complex Hydridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

et al. 2010

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Widespread adoption of hydrogen as a vehicular fuel depends critically upon the ability to store hydrogen on-board at high volumetric and gravimetric densities, as well as on the ability to extract/insert it at sufficiently rapid rates. As current storage methods based on physical means-high-pressure gas or (cryogenic) liquefaction-are unlikely to satisfy targets for performance and cost, a global research effort focusing on the development of chemical means for storing hydrogen in condensed phases has recently emerged. At present, no known material exhibits a combination of properties that would enable high-volume automotive applications. Thus new materials with improved performance, or new approaches to the synthesis and/or processing of existing materials, are highly desirable. In this critical review we provide a practical introduction to the field of hydrogen storage materials research, with an emphasis on (i) the properties necessary for a viable storage material, (ii) the computational and experimental techniques commonly employed in determining these attributes, and (iii) the classes of materials being pursued as candidate storage compounds. Starting from the general requirements of a fuel cell vehicle, we summarize how these requirements translate into desired characteristics for the hydrogen storage material. Key amongst these are: (a) high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density, (b) thermodynamics that allow for reversible hydrogen uptake/release under near-ambient conditions, and (c) fast reaction kinetics. To further illustrate these attributes, the four major classes of candidate storage materials-conventional metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, complex hydrides, and sorbent systems-are introduced and their respective performance and prospects for improvement in each of these areas is discussed. Finally, we review the most valuable experimental and computational techniques for determining these attributes, highlighting how an approach that couples computational modeling with experiments can significantly accelerate the discovery of novel storage materials (155 references).

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“…50,51 This breadth of structural and synthetic diversity enables composition, surface area, and pore size and shape, to be tuned for hydrogen gas uptake.…”

Section: Complex Hydridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

et al. 2010

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“…A lot of new carbon materials such as carbon nano tubes (CNTs), activated carbon, and hydrogenated nano-structural graphite (C nano H x ) have been researched to create more efficient hydrogen storage materials. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Among these new carbon materials, we have paid attention to hydrogenated nanostructural graphite. C nano H x is synthesized from graphite by the ball-milling under H 2 gas atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic characterization of metal-carbon-hydrogen composites (metal = Li, Mg)

Isobe

Yamada

Wang

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Li-C-H system, which can store about 5.0 mass% of rechargeable H 2 , has been reported as a promising hydrogen storage system by Ichikawa et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 241914 (2005); Mater. Trans. 46, 1757Trans. 46, (2005]. This system was investigated from the thermodynamic and structural viewpoints. However, hydrogen absorption/desorption mechanism and the state of hydrogen atoms absorbed in the composite have not been clarified yet. In order to find new or better hydrogen storage system, graphite powder and nano-structural graphite ball-milled under H 2 and Ar atmosphere were prepared and milled with Li and Mg under Ar atmosphere in this study. Microstructural analysis for those samples by transmission electron microscope revealed that LiC 6 and/or LiC 12 were formed in Li-C-H system. On the other hand, MgC 2 was found in Mg-C-H system ball-milled under H 2 atmosphere, but not in the system ball-milled under Ar atmosphere. These results indicated that nano-structure in composites of nano-structural graphite is different from that of alkali (-earth) metal. For these reasons, metal-C-H system can be recognized to be a new family of hydrogen storage materials. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9] In fact, phase transitions are often shifted due to surface effects and rounded due to finite-size effects. [10][11][12] Furthermore, and due to the purpose of this paper that focuses on the critical behaviour of fluids and fluid mixtures in nano-and micro-pores, one also has a topic with many technological and practical applications 13,14 ranging from the non-conventional extraction of gas and oil from porous clays and rocks to the design and operation of nano-and micro-fluidic devices. 4,15 In addition, the study of gas adsorption in tubes at the nanoscale has been boosted by the development and availability of several techniques to synthesise carbon nanotubes, e.g., the laser vaporization synthesis method, which is of particular interest since it allows one to obtain ordered carbon nanotube structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical behaviour of the Ising ferromagnet confined in quasi-cylindrical pores: A Monte Carlo study

Guisandez

Zarragoicoechea

Albano

2013

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The critical behaviour of the Ising ferromagnet confined in pores of radius R and length L is studied by means of Monte Carlo computer simulations. Quasi-cylindrical pores are obtained by replicating n-times a triangular lattice disc of radius R, where L = na and a is the spacing between consecutive replications. So, spins placed at the surface of the pores have less nearest-neighbours (NN) as compared to 8 NN for spins in the bulk. These "missing neighbour" effects undergone by surface spins cause a strong suppression of surface ordering, leading to an ordinary surface transition. Also, the effect propagates into the bulk for small tubes (R ≤ 12) and the effective critical temperature of the pores is shifted towards lower values than in the bulk case. By applying the standard finite-size scaling theory, subsequently supported by numerical data, we concluded that data collapse of relevant observables, e.g., magnetization (m), susceptibility, specific heat, etc., can only be observed by comparing simulation results obtained by keeping the aspect ratio C ≡ R/L constant. Also, by extrapolating "effective" R-dependent critical temperatures to the thermodynamic limit (R → ∞, C fixed), we obtained T C (∞) = 6.208(4). As suggested by finite-size scaling arguments, the magnetization is measured at the critical point scales according to, where β and ν are the standard exponents for the order parameter and the correlation length, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that close to criticality the axial correlation length decreases exponentially with the distance. That result is the signature of the formation of (randomly distributed) alternating domains of different magnetization, which can be directly observed by means of snapshot configurations, whose typical length (ξ ) is given by the characteristic length of the exponential decay of correlations. Moreover, we show that at criticality ξ = 0.43(2)R.

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Hydrogen storage using carbon adsorbents: past, present and future

Cited by 607 publications

References 3 publications

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

Microscopic characterization of metal-carbon-hydrogen composites (metal = Li, Mg)

Critical behaviour of the Ising ferromagnet confined in quasi-cylindrical pores: A Monte Carlo study

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