Hydrogen Storage: Compressed Gas

Nash, David; Johnson, Erik; Gazey, R.; Ortisi, V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819727-1.00197-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Increasing the storage pressure up to 700 bar in steel tanks poses some structural challenges and typically results in poor energy density: tank weight and dimensions must increase since a larger thickness of the steel walls is required to support the higher pressure. The most promising solution is to employ and make largely available in the market low-weight and high-strength tanks, often made of composite materials [41]. For instance, fiber-reinforced tanks have recently been developed (e.g., aluminum-carbon made [42]), but their current high cost embodies an implicit surcharge on the overall storage cost, thus making composite materials an even less cost-effective strategy.…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment

2023

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The development of innovative technologies based on employing green energy carriers, such as hydrogen, is becoming high in demand, especially in the automotive sector, as a result of the challenges associated with sustainable mobility. In the present review, a detailed overview of the entire hydrogen supply chain is proposed, spanning from its production to storage and final use in cars. Notably, the main focus is on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) as the fuel-cell type most typically used in fuel cell electric vehicles. The analysis also includes a cost assessment of the various systems involved; specifically, the materials commonly employed to manufacture fuel cells, stacks, and hydrogen storage systems are considered, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of the selected strategies, together with assessing the solutions to current problems. Moreover, as a sought-after parallelism, a comparison is also proposed and discussed between traditional diesel or gasoline cars, battery-powered electric cars, and fuel cell electric cars, thus highlighting the advantages and main drawbacks of the propulsion systems currently available on the market.

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Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment

2023

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“…Beyond hydrocarbons, a further promising method is mixing ammonia with hydrogen. The use of hydrogen as a combustion promoter is somewhat advantageous since it can consent to remove carbon emissions in the exhausts [19,20]. Moreover, molecular hydrogen can be produced in-situ through ammonia dissociation evading the use of a supplementary container, which grants hydrogen-enriched ammonia advantages over other combustion promoting fuels.…”

Section: Ammonia As a Fuel For Internal Combustion Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the opportunity to burn liquid hydrogen in ICEs, difficulties correlated to hydrogen storage systems still endure. Besides, hydrogen may damage engine systems as it can easily diffuse through metal parts which may be fractured [19]. However, literature regarding pure ammonia combustion in ICEs is remarkably scarce; in effect, the decadal gap in research and development is motivated by the technical difficulties in performing such a task.…”

Section: Ammonia As a Fuel For Internal Combustion Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engines: latest advances and future challenges

Langella

Joannon²,

Sabia³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The use of ammonia as a fuel still poses a series of challenges to be overcome, both in terms of optimization and energy efficiency of the production process, and with regard to its combustion in internal combustion engines. The two main obstacles along this way are undoubtedly the high ignition temperature and the low propagation speed of the flame front due to the slow chemical kinetics of ammonia combustion process. All these issues lead to the need to use this fuel in blended mode with other more “easy burning” fuels. This need is even more felt in cases of non-stationary combustion, such as for alternative internal combustion engines but, on the other hand, it can determine an increase in engine efficiency. In this work, these ammonia technological constraints are exposed and discussed, outlining the most recent technological solutions and those under development, which will allow an increasingly widespread use of this energy carrier as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Finally, the environmental aspects related to the greater potential emission of NOx and the techniques to limit their occurrence are analyzed.

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“…Voltage is consequently produced by the electrons moving through the external circuit [41]. With the emergence of future energy sources to replace carbon-dependent economies, the drawbacks of the current carbon economy are increasingly apparent [42][43][44][45]. Conventional energy sources like coal, petrol, and diesel emit hazardous CO and CO2 emissions globally, underscoring the urgent need for alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Recent Developments in Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Overview

Samantaray,

Mohanty,

Satpathy

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Fuel cells are at the forefront of modern energy research, with graphene-based materials emerging as key enhancers of performance. This overview explores recent advancements in graphene-based cathode materials for fuel cell applications. Graphene’s large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength make it ideal for use in different solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as well as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review covers various forms of graphene, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and doped graphene, highlighting their unique attributes and catalytic contributions. It also examines the effects of structural modifications, doping, and functional group integrations on the electrochemical properties and durability of graphene-based cathodes. Additionally, we address the thermal stability challenges of graphene derivatives at high SOFC operating temperatures, suggesting potential solutions and future research directions. This analysis underscores the transformative potential of graphene-based materials in advancing fuel cell technology, aiming for more efficient, cost-effective, and durable energy systems.

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Hydrogen Storage: Compressed Gas

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment

A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment

Ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engines: latest advances and future challenges

Exploring Recent Developments in Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Overview

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