Hydrogen storage by carbon sorption

Accelerating the Understanding and Development of Hydrogen Storage Materials: A Review of the Five-Year Efforts of the Three DOE Hydrogen Storage Materials Centers of Excellence

“…In this early work, Kidnay and Hiza reported~2 wt pct hydrogen storage at 76 K (À197°C) and 25 atm using coconut-shell-derived charcoal. Since then, numerous investigations have demonstrated that activated carbon can store 4 to 6 wt pct hydrogen at moderately low pressures (~40 bar) and cryogenic temperatures (~77 K [~À196°C]) (e.g., see the reviews by Dillon and Heben, [109] Be´nard and Chahine, [110] Poirier et al, [111] Carpetis and Peschka, [112] Hynek et al, [113] and the work by Schwarz et al [114,115] However, work by Stro¨bel and colleagues show that only~1.6 wt pct hydrogen storage has been measured for activated/ porous carbons at ambient temperatures, even with pressures up to 125 atm. [116] It should be noted that typical hydrogen storage values at ambient temperatures of activated carbons are significantly lower.…”

“…However, the inclusion of the best available ''conventional'' activated carbons in a storage tank can only marginally enhance the overall energy storage density of a compressed hydrogen gas system under specific pressure and temperature conditions. Hynek et al [113] compared the hydrogen storage of several types of porous carbon materials to that of an empty compressed tank. The results indicated that of the ten materials they tested, only one showed marginal improvement over an empty tank at 190 K and 300 K (À83°C and 26°C).…”

Nitrogen Doped Graphene as Potential Material for Hydrogen Storage

“…The low-cost, environmentally acceptable and superior energy storage materials have been under constant search in recent times [1] [2]. The concern for green energy sources and over utilization of fossil fuels has prompted in creating hydrogen energy from renewable sources [3].…”

“…No candidate till today has possibly reached the US-DOE targets for hydrogen storage. Any figure up to 67 wt% has been reported as storage capacity in solids particularly in carbon based materials [1] [2] [10] [11]. Obviously carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, fullerene and its derivatives, porous carbon and graphene have been applied in energy storage applications [12] [13] [14].…”

Classical density functional approach to adsorption of hydrogen in carbon materials

“…At the same time, other authors [2][3][4][5][6][7] believe that physical adsorption is a promising means of hydrogen storage. In particular, fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), carbon nanofibers and metal-organic frameworks [8] have been treated as promising adsorbents [4,7].…”