“…2c) and TEM investigations, we surmise that the islands mainly consist of a mixture of Pd and PdO phases. Based on our literature survey, not only has the metal Pd been well known to promote spillover in a variety of gases, including H 2 [47], O 2 [48], and CO [49], but the PdO can also induce spillover of H 2 gas [50]. Accordingly, it is surmised that Pd/PdO can induce the spillover of other gases, including NO 2 gas.…”