Hydrogen Resistant Ferritic and Martensitic Steels. Part I: The Origin of Embrittlement

Turk, Andrej; Rivera-Dı́az-del-Castillo, P.E.J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819726-4.00128-9

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, this atomic hydrogen recombination reaction rate is significantly reduced due to the presence of H 2 S. Thus, the accumulated atomic hydrogen on the steel surface can permeate into the steel material and accumulates at available hydrogen traps (inclusions/grain boundaries/laminations/dislocations, etc.). This permeation of atomic hydrogen is directly proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 S in the service [16,17].…”

Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the accumulated atomic h the steel surface can permeate into the steel material and accumulates at avail gen traps (inclusions/grain boundaries/laminations/dislocations, etc.). This pe atomic hydrogen is directly proportional to the partial pressure of H2S in [16,17]. The samples tested during this research were operated at 80 bar press mol% of H2S in the liquid phase.…”

Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Sour Service on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Mechanism of NACE Carbon Steel Material Used in Wet Sour Gas Multiphase Pipeline

et al. 2022

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The oil and gas industry is involved with severe corrosive/sour environmental conditions due to H2S, CO2, and moisture content. The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) has developed standards to enable users to select suitable materials for given sour conditions which utilize laboratory testing. A failed piping sample (API-5L-X65) was removed from a pipeline after 15 years of service. Optical microscopy was used to compare the microstructure of the corroded sample near the exposed surface to both the service environment, and further away from it. Moreover, pitted samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDS) to understand the deposits’ morphology. Furthermore, XPS analysis proves the presence of a significant content of sulfur compound. Additionally, the mechanical properties of both corroded and non-corroded samples were evaluated and compared. Micro-hardness was carried out on the cross-section of the removed sample to understand any evident hardness variation from the inner diameter (ID) to the outer diameter (OD) of the piping. All the results suggest that prolonged service exposure has resulted in the development of micro defects, resulting in the reduction of strength and impact toughness, and the reduction in the hardness at the exposed surface of the corroded piping. Understanding the corrosion mechanism of pipelines exposed to sour media in the long-term helps in repair/replacement planning and extending the usable design life of the material, and paving the way for the oil and gas industry to develop additional ways to monitor the changes in the critical materials’ properties when exposed to sour service.

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Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%