Hydrogen quality sampling at the hydrogen refuelling station – lessons learnt on sampling at the production and at the nozzle

Bacquart, Thomas; Moore, Niamh; Hart, N; Morris, Abigail; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Auprêtre, Fabien; Colas, Thibault; Haloua, Frédérique; Gozlan, Bruno; Murugan, Arul

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.178

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This allows in theory the analysis of the same hydrogen fuel taken at the nozzle and then sampled from the FCEV. It is possible using the H2 Qualitizer which allows hydrogen sampling from the HRS without the requirement to override safety elements of the control system [14]. The sampler is principally a tee where a sample is collected while an FCEV is refueled [14].…”

Section: Comparative Sampling Between Fcev and Hrs Nozzlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible using the H2 Qualitizer which allows hydrogen sampling from the HRS without the requirement to override safety elements of the control system [14]. The sampler is principally a tee where a sample is collected while an FCEV is refueled [14]. A Generation 1 Toyota Mirai was selected, and the hydrogen fuel tank was almost emptied before the sampling to avoid bias due to hydrogen fuel present in the FCEV before the refuel.…”

Section: Comparative Sampling Between Fcev and Hrs Nozzlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regulator has a maximum inlet pressure of 875 bar and a temperature range of −40 to 85 • C. The adaptor is not equipped with an infrared communication interface. The sampling was performed according to the procedure described by Bacquart et al [14].…”

Section: Hydrogen Sampling At Hydrogen Refueling Station (High Pressu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the measurement process, performing reliable and representative sampling of the hydrogen fuel at the HRS nozzle is mandatory. Sampling at the HRS has been studied [13,14], standardised (ASTM D7606 [15]) and referenced in ISO 19880-1 [16]. The recent review by Arrhenius et al [17] presented sampling systems currently available for hydrogen fuel sampling at HRS nozzle like H2 Qualitizer and Hy-SAM [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Hydrogen Fuel Sampling from a Fuel Cell Hydrogen Electrical Vehicle–Validation of Hydrogen Fuel Sampling System to Investigate FCEV Performance

et al. 2022

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) are developing quickly from passenger vehicles to trucks or fork-lifts. Policymakers are supporting an ambitious strategy to deploy fuel cell electrical vehicles with infrastructure as hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) as the European Green deal for Europe. The hydrogen fuel quality according to international standard as ISO 14687 is critical to ensure the FCEV performance and that poor hydrogen quality may not cause FCEV loss of performance. However, the sampling system is only available for nozzle sampling at HRS. If a FCEV may show a lack of performance, there is currently no methodology to sample hydrogen fuel from a FCEV itself. It would support the investigation to determine if hydrogen fuel may have caused any performance loss. This article presents the first FCEV sampling system and its comparison with the hydrogen fuel sampling from the HRS nozzle (as requested by international standard ISO 14687). The results showed good agreement with the hydrogen fuel sample. The results demonstrate that the prototype developed provides representative samples from the FCEV and can be an alternative to determine hydrogen fuel quality. The prototype will require improvements and a larger sampling campaign.

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Section: Comparative Sampling Between Fcev and Hrs Nozzlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Sampling Between Fcev and Hrs Nozzlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Sampling At Hydrogen Refueling Station (High Pressu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Hydrogen Fuel Sampling from a Fuel Cell Hydrogen Electrical Vehicle–Validation of Hydrogen Fuel Sampling System to Investigate FCEV Performance

et al. 2022

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“…The purity of the hydrogen fuel is determined by analyzing the concentrations of 14 contaminants (10 reactive gases, three inert gases, and particles) down to ppb level for some of them. As a result, the quality of hydrogen produced by centralized or decentralized (with on-site electrolyzers) systems requires certification before delivery to customers [ 5 , 6 ]. However, a recent four-year-long study about hydrogen quality has demonstrated that 29% of the samples collected from 28 different European HRSs violated the fuel quality limits and nitrogen was among the main contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Separation Performance of UiO-66-NH2 Membranes Grown via Liquid-Phase Epitaxy Layer-by-Layer Deposition and One-Pot Synthesis

et al. 2021

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The quality assurance of hydrogen fuel for mobile applications is assessed by the guidelines and directives given in the European and international standards. However, the presence of impurities in the hydrogen fuel, in particular nitrogen, water, and oxygen, is experienced in several refueling stations. Within this work, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based membranes are investigated as a fine-purification stage of the hydrogen fuel. Three H2/N2 concentrations have been used to analyze the separation factor of UiO-66-NH2 membranes prepared using the layer-by-layer (LBL) and the one-pot (OP) synthesis methods. It is shown that the separation factor for an equimolar ratio is 14.4% higher for the LBL sample compared to the OP membrane, suggesting a higher orientation and continuity of the LBL surface-supported metal-organic framework (SURMOF). Using an equimolar ratio of H2/N2, it is shown that selective separation of hydrogen over nitrogen occurs with a separation factor of 3.02 and 2.64 for the SURMOF and MOF membrane, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported performance for a single-phase UiO-66-NH2 membrane. For higher hydrogen concentrations, the separation factor decreases due to reduced interactions between pore walls and N2 molecules.

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A new pathway to produce hydrogen with CO capture from blast furnace gas via SOFC-SOEC integration

Kong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energy Conversion and Management

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Hydrogen quality sampling at the hydrogen refuelling station – lessons learnt on sampling at the production and at the nozzle

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

First Hydrogen Fuel Sampling from a Fuel Cell Hydrogen Electrical Vehicle–Validation of Hydrogen Fuel Sampling System to Investigate FCEV Performance

First Hydrogen Fuel Sampling from a Fuel Cell Hydrogen Electrical Vehicle–Validation of Hydrogen Fuel Sampling System to Investigate FCEV Performance

Hydrogen Separation Performance of UiO-66-NH2 Membranes Grown via Liquid-Phase Epitaxy Layer-by-Layer Deposition and One-Pot Synthesis

A new pathway to produce hydrogen with CO capture from blast furnace gas via SOFC-SOEC integration

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