Hydrogen pump-type impurity sensors for hydrogen fuels

Noda, Zhiyun; Hirata, Kentaro; Hayashi, Akari; Takahashi, Tsuyoshi; Nakazato, Naoto; Saigusa, K.; Seo, Atsuko; Suzuki, Kazumasa; Ariura, S.; Shinkai, H.; Sasaki, Kazunari

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.12.066

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…205 Besides temperature, other operating conditions such as Pt amount, humidity, operating temperature, and current density influence the sensor performance. Thus, finding an optimum operating condition is necessary for detecting an impurity like CO. Noda et al 204 presented 0.075 mg/cm 2 , RH 80%, 40 °C, and 125 mA/cm 2 for Pt amount, humidity, operating temperature, and current density, respectively, as an optimum operating condition for CO.…”

Section: Carbon Monoxide Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A working electrode, a counter electrode, and an ion conductor connecting the two electrodes are the three major parts of a two-electrode sensor system. As seen below, when carbon monoxide (CO) comes into contact with the working electrode, the CO gas is oxidized on the working electrode due to a chemical interaction by air with water molecules: CO + normalH 2 normalO → CO 2 + 2 normalH + + 2 normale − where H + and e – are the protons generated in the working electrode and electrons, respectively. − The produced protons (H + ) on the working electrode can transfer toward the counter electrode through the ion conductor when a short circuit connects the working electrode and counter electrode. The following illustrates how a reaction with air oxygen takes place on the counter electrode: − 1 2 normalO 2 + 2 normalH + + 2 normale − → normalH 2 normalO Equation displays the whole included reaction.…”

Section: Fundamental Of Fuel-cell-type Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing four dispersants for Nafion-based fuel-cell-type CO sensor (EG, PTFE, TEOS, and glycerol) shows that the sensor with EG has the best sensitivity of 88 nA/ppm, a very low detection limit of 1 ppm, and rapid response of 22 s against CO . Poisoning the effect of PEFC-type electrochemical cells and significantly reducing Pt catalyst loading make it is possible to detect 0.2 ppm CO against H 2 . Furthermore, the temperature ranges directly affect the performance of the CO sensor.…”

Section: Fundamental Of Fuel-cell-type Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Review of Fuel-Cell-Type Sensors for Gas Detection

Mehrpooya

Ganjali

Mousavi

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Gas detection based on the electrochemical cells has recently been paid attention. Because of the many applications of fuel cell sensors, several investigations have been done on fuel-cell-type sensors for gas detection. In this study, the research works are categorized based on the type of the most used fuel cell sensors, such as CO, H2, methanol, and ethanol. Moreover, the manufacturing, applied technologies and the operating conditions of them, including the limit of detection, detection ranges, and response time of the fuel cells, are reviewed and discussed. Finally, according to the previous investigations that have been carried out, the gaps are introduced and evaluated to prepare beneficial suggestions for future investigations. According to the literature, humidity management using Pt–Cu/C is one of the most used manufacturing methods for improving a fuel cell sensor’s global and specific sensitivity. In addition, Nafion MEA with JM20 exhibits better detection performance of methanol sensors. Moreover, using nanotubes of multiwall carbon and nanoparticles of Pt–Pd in manufacturing shows proven improvements regarding the limit of detection and detection range for ethanol fuel cell sensors. PEFC-type sensor cells can improve the detection of CO to 0.2 ppm. Furthermore, the required targets for hydrogen fuel cell sensors in terms of safety and performance announced by the U.S. Department of Energy, for example, the response time of 1 s, are not reported in the open literature.

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Section: Carbon Monoxide Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Of Fuel-cell-type Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Of Fuel-cell-type Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Review of Fuel-Cell-Type Sensors for Gas Detection

Mehrpooya

Ganjali

Mousavi

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…For instance, Kaserer et al (2013) took as a reference the localised reference electrode technology presented by Hinds et al (2012) to study the poisoning in HT-PEMC. 238,239 Another improvement is the rapid detection of the CO by in-line [240][241][242] and in-situ 243 sensors allowing the application of a mitigation strategy before the performance of the cell is degraded.…”

Section: Future Research On Co Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide poisoning and mitigation strategies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

Valdés-López

Mason

Shearing

et al. 2020

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

115

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have received much attention due to their high power density, good start-stop capabilities and high gravimetric and volumetric power density compared with other fuel cells. However, certain technological challenges persist, which include the fact that conventional anode electrocatalysts are poisoned by low levels (few ppm) of carbon monoxide (CO). This review considers the mechanism of CO poisoning and the effects that it has on the PEMFC performance. The key parameters affecting CO poisoning are identified and methods used to mitigate the effects are discussed. These mitigation strategies are divided into three groups according to the means by which the technologies are applied: pre-treatment of reformate, on board removal of CO and in operando mitigation strategies.

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“…The effect of the anode Pt catalyst loading was exploited to develop sensor cells that are more sensitive to contamination by CO, H 2 S, and NH 3 in H 2 . These sensors were either based on a PEMFC [17] or a H 2 pump [18] design. Only two PEMFC contamination documents…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

St‐Pierre

Zhai

2020

Molecules

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with 0.1 and 0.4 mg Pt cm −2 cathode catalyst loadings were separately contaminated with seven organic species: Acetonitrile, acetylene, bromomethane, iso-propanol, methyl methacrylate, naphthalene, and propene. The lower catalyst loading led to larger cell voltage losses at the steady state. Three closely related electrical equivalent circuits were used to fit impedance spectra obtained before, during, and after contamination, which revealed that the cell voltage loss was due to higher kinetic and mass transfer resistances. A significant correlation was not found between the steady-state cell voltage loss and the sum of the kinetic and mass transfer resistance changes. Major increases in research program costs and efforts would be required to find a predictive correlation, which suggests a focus on contamination prevention and recovery measures rather than contamination mechanisms.Molecules 2020, 25, 1060 2 of 15 focusing on the cathode catalyst loading effect were found [19,20]. However, contamination data in [19] are not directly comparable because both the catalyst layer design and catalyst loading were concurrently altered. The authors also refer to 10 ppb SO 2 data obtained by another group that showed more severe fuel cell damage with a catalyst loading decrease from 0.4 to 0.3 mg Pt cm −2 . In contrast, the effect of 2,6-diaminotoluene, a species that leaches out of the fuel cell system balance of plant materials, was more impactful after the Pt catalyst loading was lowered from 0.4 to 0.1 mg Pt cm −2 [20]. In comparison to the anode, the higher cathode potential is expected to affect the contamination mechanism with, for example, a different Pt surface charge, altered contaminant adsorbates and reaction intermediates, catalyst coverage, and cell voltage loss. This situation is exacerbated with a catalyst loading change, which affects the overpotential of the irreversible oxygen reduction reaction and the cathode potential. Information about chemical and electrochemical reactions for specific contaminants may be available in the literature. However, the presence of relevant cathode reactants, oxygen and water, may not be considered. For instance, novel intermediates or products were not detected with chlorobenzene in air [21]. However, the presence of acetylene in air led to small amounts of methane [22] that were not expected based on acetylene chemistry and electrochemistry. Therefore, tests completed under these significantly different operating conditions are needed in part because contaminant reactions are not currently predictable in assessing catalyst coverage and cell voltage loss.This report documents the impact of the cathode Pt catalyst loading effect for PEMFCs contaminated with seven model organic airborne species, which were previously evaluated and selected from a larger pool of 21 contaminants [23]: Acetonitrile (nitrile), acetylene (alkyne), bromomethane (halocarbon), iso-propanol (alcohol), methyl methacrylate (ester), naphthalene (polycyclic ...

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Hydrogen pump-type impurity sensors for hydrogen fuels

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Comprehensive Review of Fuel-Cell-Type Sensors for Gas Detection

Comprehensive Review of Fuel-Cell-Type Sensors for Gas Detection

Carbon monoxide poisoning and mitigation strategies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

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