Hydrogen production by reforming of bio-alcohols

Frusteri, F.; Bonura, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-361-4.00005-4

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Indeed, steam reforming is a mature process technology used for natural gas and other feedstocks including methanol, LPG, jet fuel, and diesel . However, biomass-derived alcohols are fascinating sources for hydrogen production, since they are carbon-neutral. − Steam reforming of bioalcohols such as ethanol, , 1-propanol, , 2-propanol, , 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol , has been studied from this point, and many articles are concentrated on bioethanol. The selection of the best cost-effective feedstock should be based on the global economy of the process and local government policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Ranjekar

Yadav

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

181

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The hydrogen economy is being pursued quite vigorously since hydrogen is an important and green energy source with a variety of applications as fuel for transportation, fuel cell, feedstock, energy vector, reforming in refineries, carbon dioxide valorization, biomass conversion, etc. Steam reforming of alcohols is a well-established technique to obtain syngas. Methanol is viewed to be a lucrative alternative for fossil fuels, due to its flexibility in being generated from multiple sources, high energy density, and low operating temperatures. The catalysts used for reforming govern the methanol conversion rate and the ratio of gaseous products, i.e., H2, CO, and CO2. Group VIII–XII metals have been widely utilized for methanol steam reforming as they have a higher hydrogen yield. Several other catalysts and novel techniques have been developed and used to date. Quite a few strategies to enhance the performance of catalysts and reduce deactivation have been discussed. This review focuses on the metallic catalysts, mainly Cu, Pd, Zn, with different formulations and compositions for steam reforming of methanol (SRM). Active catalyst components, supports, and their interactions, along with different promoters, are reviewed, and their performances are critically analyzed. The various reaction mechanisms and reaction pathways have been identified and elaborated. A fundamental understanding of the functionality and structure of catalysts is required no matter which alcohol is used as a feedstock, and some general inferences can be obtained from polyhydroxyl feed for the steam reforming of methanol, which is the subject matter of this review. Particularly, the role of copper as a component in mono and multimetallic systems and the nature of support must be studied fundamentally to get high hydrogen yields. It is important to determine how metal support interactions, including oxygen transfer from reducible oxides to the metal site, influence the catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability. Further, the mechanism by which alloying affects the selectivity in multimetallic catalysts must be understood by using high-end characterizations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Ranjekar

Yadav

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

181

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“…The conversion of alcohols is another interesting opportunity for hydrogen generation, owing to the fact that alcohols could also be derived from biomass (bioalcohols). , Equation shows that the process is thermodynamically uphill with a standard Gibbs free energy between 30– and 40 kJ/mol. Additionally, there is the added potential of a decarbonization process where CO is also produced, as shown in eq .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization

Wang,

Otor,

Rivera-Castro

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Thermal approaches have played a dominant role in driving chemical reactions within the chemicals and fuels industries, benefiting from ongoing enhancements in efficiency via heat integration, catalyst development, and process intensification. Nevertheless, these traditional thermal approaches remain heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and there exists an urgent demand for the implementation of renewable energy technologies to synthesize fuels, commodity chemicals, and specialty chemicals. Nonthermal plasmas have gained considerable attention in recent years as a promising solution, and the prospects of combining plasmas with suitable catalysts have become even more appealing. Moreover, the evolution of nonthermal plasma catalysis approaches for the generation of clean hydrogen could be transformative in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This comprehensive review highlights the influential contributions in plasma catalysis for hydrogen production, discusses recent advancements, and provides future prospects for researchers aiming to advance the production of clean hydrogen.

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“…Steam reforming reaction is endothermic reaction that must be carried out at high temperature between 300 and 800 ºC and low pressure [37]. In contrast, WGS and methanation are exothermic reaction.…”

Section: Steam Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, dehydration to ethylene is the way to form undesired product, coke. Coke can lead to catalyst deactivation as well as blocked or constrained flow through the reactor [37,39].…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalyst deactivation is the main problems in steam reforming and has a significant role in developing new catalysts for producing hydrogen. In general, carbon deposition and metal sintering are the two main problems of catalyst deactivation during steam reforming reaction [37]. In the following section, the reasons of the deactivation of catalyst in ethanol steam reforming will be discussed.…”

Section: Catalyst Deactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ni/SiO2 fiber catalyst for syngas production from steam reforming of ethanol and acetic acid

Prasongthum

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In this research, synthesis of Ni/silica fiber (NiSF) catalyst for hydrogen production in ethanol steam reforming was successfully synthesized by electrospinning technique following by conventional impregnation method. The effects of reaction temperature, steam to carbon ratio (S/C), weight to flow rate ratio (W/F) and Ni loading of the NiSF catalyst on the reaction activity and H2 production as well as CNTs characteristics (as a by-product) were investigated. The NiSF catalyst exhibited high activity to the simultaneous production of hydrogen and CNTs. The optimized conditions of ethanol steam reforming in terms of ethanol conversion and H2 yield were achieved at 600 °C, S/C of 9:1 and W/F of 18 gcath/mol with a maximum hydrogen yield of 55%. Whereas, the quality and the quantity of CNTs formation along with a H2 yield of 29% were obtained at Ni loading of 30 wt%, S/C of 1:1 and W/F of 9 gcath/mol. The novel carbon nanotubes-silica fiber composite (CNTs-SF-E) obtained from ethanol steam reforming exhibited relatively high surface area and easy accessibility, which can be applied as a support catalyst. Therefore, in the second part of this study, the CNTs-SF-E composite was applied as a support catalyst for Ni in ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production by Ni loading at 5 and 10 wt%. The reaction performance of 10NiCNTs-SF-E catalyst was investigated and compared with that of Ni/silica fiber catalyst (10NiSF), and Ni/silica porous catalyst (10NiSP). The effect of temperature on ethanol conversion and products distribution was studied at low-temperature in the range of 300 and 500 °C. The 10NiCNTs-SF-E catalyst exhibited the best performance in term of stability and high activity at lower reaction temperature. The outstanding performance of 10NiCNTs-SF-E catalyst could be associated with high metallic dispersion and easy accessibility of ethanol to the active site. In the third part of this study investigated CNTs characteristics produced from steam reforming of different carbon sources: acetic acid and ethanol. Under the similar reaction conditions, ethanol was found to favor the growth of CNTs, while acetic acid was capable of the formation of both CNTs and curled shape filament carbon. Furthermore, CNTs obtained from acetic acid had larger outer diameters and a shorter length as compared to CNTs obtained from ethanol. The difference in the carbon formation could be attributed to the different number of oxygen atoms of both feed. The carbon nanotubes-silica fiber composite (CNTs-SF-A) produce from acetic acid was used as a support catalyst in acetic acid steam reforming, using 10NiCNTs-SF-E, 10NiSF and 10NiSP as comparative support. 10NiCNTs-SF-A and 10NiCNTs-SF-E catalysts exhibited high dispersion and smaller metal nanoparticles. Catalytic performances demonstrated that 10NiCNTs-SF-E exhibited significantly higher acetic acid conversion as compared with the other catalysts. The results of catalysts after 4 h of the reaction indicated that most of the carbon species over fibrous composite and fiber catalysts were relatively reactive carbon species which could be easily removed by oxidation, while carbon formation on 10NiSP was difficult to be removed and estimated the exact amount because 10NiSP surface was covered by a large amount of polymerized carbon.

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Hydrogen production by reforming of bio-alcohols

Cited by 23 publications

References 157 publications

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization

Ni/SiO2 fiber catalyst for syngas production from steam reforming of ethanol and acetic acid

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