Hydrogen production by reacting water with mechanically milled composite aluminum-metal oxide powders

Modeling the Pressure Generation in Aluminum‐Based Thermites

“…Alumino-thermite is an oxidation-reduction reaction involving am etal (fuel) and am etallic oxide (or possibly an on-metallic oxide) that forms as table product after reaction.Thermite materials have been actively investigated for aw ide range of potential applications including railroad welding, materials processing to form refractory materials, additives in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics [1][2][3], and more recently also for micro initiation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20],e nvironmentally clean primers, and in situ welding [21].Among the numerous possible exothermic metal/oxide pairs listed in the literature [22],t he most investigated ones mix Al with MoO 3 ,C uO, Bi 2 O 3 ,F e 2 O 3 ,M nO 2 ,W O 3 ,a nd I 2 O 5 .F or the last two decades most of the research efforts aimed at reducing metal and oxide components size, improving their intimacy,t oi ncrease the reaction rate and decrease the ignition delay while improving safety.More recently,t hermite materials were also considered to produce gas species or pressure bursts, opening new potential fields of application such as pressure mediated molecular delivery [23,24],b iological agent inactivation [25][26][27],h ydrogen production [28,29],o rp ropulsion systems [7][8][9].Af ew teams demonstrated experimentally that Al/Bi 2 O 3 and, to al esser extent, Al/I 2 O 5 mixtures generate the highest pressure pulses [27,30,31] in comparison with other thermites. Martirosyan [31] considered tha...…”

Compact Electric Energy Storage for Marine Vehicles Using on-Board Hydrogen Production

“…Many researchers have tried different activation and catalytic methods as well as operating conditions to promote the [16] showed good reaction rate and hydrogen production yield when reacting aluminum powder (of a micron size range) with high-temperature water (typically 150-300 °C) at elevated pressure. Ball milling [17,18] and mechanical cutting [19] have also been investigated for enhancing the reaction between aluminum and water. The latter related the research to power generation.…”

Process and Device for Generating High Purity Hydrogen Based on Hydrolysis Reaction of Aluminum Dross

“…The alkali metal hydroxide is used to remove the protective layer of aluminum oxide on the surface of the aluminum particles, which prevent the contact between the metal and water, and thus slow down or substantially avoid reaction between the aluminum and water [15,16,17,18] .As a result, other methods should be studied and utilized to activate the surface of the aluminum particles, to initiate and accelerate the reaction of hydrolysis. Different methods to enhance the rate of aluminum reaction and other metals with water have been developed [19,20,21,22].One such method is mechanical activation (crushing, cutting, grinding). This is a method not so expensive and leads to removal of aluminum oxide layer and obtaining a surface clean and active.…”

“…This is a method not so expensive and leads to removal of aluminum oxide layer and obtaining a surface clean and active. Also, the replacement of an alkali metal hydroxide with less expensive other chemical compound [19] can be effective. Another way to reduce the costs is to replace pure aluminum with another source of aluminum.…”