Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Model Compounds of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil

Lan, Ping; Xu, Qiucheng; Lan, Lihong; Yan, Yunfei; Wang, J. A.

doi:10.1557/proc-1279-1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Using the sewage sludge carbonizate as a catalyst also has promising results for the reforming process and enhancing the tar-cracking reactions. 18,22,23 The results show an improvement in the gas composition through an increase in the hydrogen content. The gas yield is increased, and the condensate yield is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Another technique used to improve the gaseous fraction and to upgrade the bio-oil is the catalytic reforming process for which the most approved catalysts include nickel- or iron-based minerals, alkaline earth metal minerals, dolomite, olivine, and sepiolite. Using the sewage sludge carbonizate as a catalyst also has promising results for the reforming process and enhancing the tar-cracking reactions. ,, The results show an improvement in the gas composition through an increase in the hydrogen content. The gas yield is increased, and the condensate yield is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upscaling of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming Process from Lab to Pilot Scale

Elmously

Jäger

Neidel

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Biomass has become an important approach to meet the current requirements of energy and oil alternatives. In recent years, extensive research has been carried out on the transformation of biological wastes into biofuels and through pyrolysis, which may gradually be replacing the crude-oil resources. One promising pyrolysis route is intermediate pyrolysis. Which opens the field to the valorization of a high variety of biological residues into biofuels including gasses, liquid chemicals and carbonisate. In the present work, the Thermo-Catalytic Reforming-TCR ® technology based on intermediate pyrolysis with integrated catalytic reforming is discussed, showing high productivity and higher quality biofuels compared to traditional pyrolysis systems. This paper illustrates the data from the up-scaling of the TCR ® system from laboratory scale to pilot scale using sewage sludge as feedstock. The effects of the design differences are studied from the point of view of the qualities of products, mass and energy balances of the laboratory unit upon the pilot unit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upscaling of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming Process from Lab to Pilot Scale

Elmously

Jäger

Neidel

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Ni-based catalysts, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] [Ca 24 Al 28 O 64 ] 4+ ·4O − /M (M = Me, K, and Ce), 61 and noble metal-based catalysts (e.g., Pt, Rh, and Pd) 62 have been investigated for steam reforming of actual aqueous fraction of fast pyrolysis bio-oil or model compounds. Overall, noble metal-based catalysts are more active and form less coke than Ni-based catalysts.…”

Section: Steam Reforming Of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Nanocatalytic Materials for Hydrogen Production from Renewable Resources

Xianqin

2013

Nanocatalysis Synthesis and Applications

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INTRODUCTIONHeterogeneous catalysis is an integral part of more than 90% of chemical manufacturing processes worldwide. 1 It has been improving in both energy production and environment on the Earth (i.e., reduced crude cracking). Currently, almost 85% of the world energy demand is fulfilled by oil, natural gas, and coal. 2 These finite resources will deplete within less than 120 years. 3 Moreover, the alternative nonconventional energy sources, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and nuclear energy, are difficult to grow rapidly to fill the gap. Additionally, CO 2 emissions, mainly from fossil energy combustion, 4 have increased tremendously in the past 150 years (from 280 to 370 ppm). The standard of living conditions is improving constantly at the expense of higher energy consumption. However, we cannot afford to meet our energy needs at the cost of environmental and climate deterioration in the twenty-first century. The aforementioned challenges urge us to develop alternative and clean energy resources to secure the sustainability of human society and the environment.Combustion of H 2 is an attractive alternative; unlike fossil fuels, its only combustion by-product is water. In addition, H 2 possesses the highest energy content per unit weight than any other fuels, almost three times that of gasoline. Furthermore, H 2 is available from a variety of sources in the universe. Thus, H 2 has been considered to be the best solutions to the potential energy crisis. 5 It has also been globally used in ammonia Nanocatalysis: Synthesis and Applications, First Edition. Edited by Vivek Polshettiwar and Tewodros Asefa.

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Strain‐Induced Orbital Contributions to Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Transition‐Metal Perovskites

Fernández

Caretta

Das

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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B site have shown high activities and represent a cost-effective alternative to expensive noble metal-based catalysts; however, gas exchange at these perovskite surfaces remains the limiting factor for high efficiency in electrochemical devices. [1][2][3] The development of perovskites with high activity has historically relied on brute-force compositional screening involving the synthesis and testing of numerous bulk-ceramic samples to establish an intuition for chemical trends that can guide researchers to highly active compositions. More recently, however, there has been a significant push to develop electronic descriptors for predicting electrochemical activity. [4][5][6][7] This work has led to the identification of several electronic descriptors that are closely correlated with high activity for ORR and OER catalysts, including the relative position of the oxygen 2p band center, [6] the BO bond covalency, [8] and, in particular, the occupancy of the e g orbitals. [5,9] For example, e g orbital occupation has been shown to be strongly correlated with the B-site-dependent chemical activity trends, and an "ideal" e g occupancy of ≈1.2 electrons has been used as the justification for high activities in LaNiO 3 and Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ (BSCF) catalysts. [5,9,10] As such, the development of electronic descriptors has already proved fruitful in identifying compositions with high activities and, in turn, developing synthetic control of materials properties to tune the electronic structure toward these ideal values could unlock a new way to optimize materials.In parallel to the development of these electronic descriptors, researchers have leveraged thin-film-based studies to understand how manipulation of the lattice structure of these perovskites can affect the electrochemical activity. Several studies have focused on the role of epitaxial strain in perovskite oxides for controlling electrochemical activity. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Reports have noted enhanced electrochemical activities in cobalt-and ironbased perovskites under biaxial-tensile strain driven by straininduced changes to surface chemistry [12] or suggested electronic contributions as the driving force for enhanced electrochemical activity under tensile strain. [13,14,18] Meanwhile, strain-induced changes to e g occupancy have been proposed as the mechanism of enhanced ORR/OER activities in LaNiO 3 films under biaxial compressive strain. [16] This discrepancy suggests that straininduced changes to electronic structure may be dependent on the identity of the B-site cation and calls for more direct studies Epitaxial strain has been shown to produce dramatic changes to the orbital structure in transition metal perovskite oxides and, in turn, the rate of oxygen electrocatalysis therein. Here, epitaxial strain is used to investigate the relationship between surface electronic structure and oxygen electrocatalysis in prototypical fuel cell cathode systems. Combining high-temperature electricalconductivity-relaxation studies and synchrotron-...

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Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Model Compounds of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Upscaling of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming Process from Lab to Pilot Scale

Upscaling of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming Process from Lab to Pilot Scale

Properties of Nanocatalytic Materials for Hydrogen Production from Renewable Resources

Strain‐Induced Orbital Contributions to Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Transition‐Metal Perovskites

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