Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Lactobacillus Species: Correlation with Susceptibility to the Spermicidal Compound Nonoxynol-9

McGroarty, Jacqueline A.; Tomeczek, Lisa; Pond, Donald G.; Reid, Gregor; Bruce, Andrew W.

doi:10.1093/infdis/165.6.1142

Cited by 102 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Strains LB10A and LB11 were identified as Lactobacillus murinus by 16S ribosome sequence analysis (Laboratory for Molecular Typing, Ithaca, N.Y.), and were isolated from mice that were concurrently infected with N. gonorrhoeae. All lactobacillus isolates from mice were phenotypically negative for H 2 O 2 production by the qualitative chromogenic agar assay of McGroarty et al (42).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Female Mouse Genital Tract Does Not Require the Gonococcal Transferrin or Hemoglobin Receptors and May Be Enhanced by Commensal Lactobacilli

et al. 2002

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is capable of utilizing a variety of iron sources in vitro, including human transferrin, human lactoferrin, hemoglobin, hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, heme, and heterologous siderophores. Transferrin has been implicated as a critical iron store for N. gonorrhoeae in the human male urethra. The demonstration that gonococci can infect the lower genital tracts of estradiol-treated BALB/c mice in the absence of human transferrin, however, suggests that other usable iron sources are present in the murine genital tract. Here we demonstrate that gonococcal transferrin and hemoglobin receptor mutants are not attenuated in mice, thereby ruling out transferrin and hemoglobin as essential for murine infection. An increased frequency of phase variants with the hemoglobin receptor “on” (Hg+) occurred in ca. 50% of infected mice; this increase was temporally associated with an influx of neutrophils and detectable levels of hemoglobin in the vagina, suggesting that the presence of hemoglobin in inflammatory exudates selects for Hg+ phase variants during infection. We also demonstrate that commensal lactobacilli support the growth of N. gonorrhoeae in vitro unless an iron chelator is added to the medium. We hypothesize that commensal lactobacilli may enhance growth of gonococci in vivo by promoting the solubilization of iron on mucosal surfaces through the production of metabolic intermediates. Finally, transferrin-binding lipoprotein (TbpB) was detected on gonococci in vaginal smears, suggesting that although gonococci replicate within the genital tracts of mice, they may be sufficiently iron-stressed to express iron-repressible proteins. In summary, these studies support the potential role of nontransferrin, nonhemoglobin iron sources during gonococcal infection of the female genital tract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Female Mouse Genital Tract Does Not Require the Gonococcal Transferrin or Hemoglobin Receptors and May Be Enhanced by Commensal Lactobacilli

et al. 2002

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“…Lactobacillus species, which are part of the normal vaginal flora of most women (77,113,163,195), are believed to control the microflora by production of hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, organic acids (e.g., L-lactate) (14,113), and nitric oxide (173,257). Hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus species inhibit N. gonorrhoeae growth and decrease catalase activity (224,261).…”

Section: The Host Microenvironment Inhabited By N Gonorrhoeaementioning

confidence: 99%

Defenses against Oxidative Stress inNeisseria gonorrhoeae: a System Tailored for a Challenging Environment

Seib

Kidd

et al. 2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

128

174

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SUMMARY Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a host-adapted pathogen that colonizes primarily the human genitourinary tract. This bacterium encounters reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species as a consequence of localized inflammatory responses in the urethra of males and endocervix of females and also of the activity of commensal lactobacilli in the vaginal flora. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of defense systems against oxidative stress in N. gonorrhoeae and shows that while some of its defenses have similarities to the paradigm established with Escherichia coli, there are also some key differences. These differences include the presence of a defense system against superoxide based on manganese ions and a glutathione-dependent system for defense against nitric oxide which is under the control of a novel MerR-like transcriptional regulator. An understanding of the defenses against oxidative stress in N. gonorrhoeae and their regulation may provide new insights into the ways in which this bacterium survives challenges from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and urogenital epithelial cells.

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“…Lactobacillus rhamnosus, formerly designated Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus, a gram-positive, nonmotile, microaerophilic rod, is a commensal which has been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract (16,35) and the lower female reproductive tract (33,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect ofEscherichia coliandLactobacillus rhamnosuson Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Transforming Growth Factor β Release by Polarized Rat Uterine Epithelial Cells in Culture

Crane-Godreau¹,

Wira²

2004

Infect Immun

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Entry of bacteria from the vagina into the uterus raises the question of uterine epithelial cell (UEC) signaling in response to the presence of bacteria. Our model system helps to define microbially elicited UEC basolateral cytokine release, important in regulating underlying stromal immune cell protection. UECs from adult rats were grown in cell culture inserts to establish a confluent polarized monolayer as was determined by transepithelial resistance (TER). Polarized epithelial cell cultures were treated apically with live or heat-killed Escherichia coli or Lactobacillus rhamnosus prior to collection of basolateral media after 24 h of incubation. Coculture of polarized UECs with live E. coli had no effect on epithelial cell TER. In response to exposure to live E. coli, epithelial cell basolateral release of macrophage inflammatory protein 3␣ (MIP3␣) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) increased at a time when basolateral release of biologically active transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤) decreased. Incubation of UECs with heat-killed E. coli resulted in an increased basolateral release of MIP3␣ and TNF-␣, without affecting TER or TGF-␤. In contrast to E. coli, live or heat-killed L. rhamnosus had no effect on TER or cytokine release. These studies indicate that polarized rat UECs respond to gram-negative E. coli by releasing the cytokines MIP3␣ and TNF-␣, signals important to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These findings suggest that UEC responses to bacteria are selective and important in initiating and regulating immune protection in the female reproductive tract.

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Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Lactobacillus Species: Correlation with Susceptibility to the Spermicidal Compound Nonoxynol-9

Cited by 102 publications

References 9 publications

Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Female Mouse Genital Tract Does Not Require the Gonococcal Transferrin or Hemoglobin Receptors and May Be Enhanced by Commensal Lactobacilli

Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Female Mouse Genital Tract Does Not Require the Gonococcal Transferrin or Hemoglobin Receptors and May Be Enhanced by Commensal Lactobacilli

Defenses against Oxidative Stress inNeisseria gonorrhoeae: a System Tailored for a Challenging Environment

Effect ofEscherichia coliandLactobacillus rhamnosuson Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Transforming Growth Factor β Release by Polarized Rat Uterine Epithelial Cells in Culture

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