Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons by immobilized iron(III)

Hosseini‐Monfared, Hassan; Amouei, Zahra

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.020

Cited by 57 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results prove that the active center for catalytic activity of Fe(III)-ssal-Al 2 O 3 is due to the existence of Fe(III)-ssal [13]. When alumina was not used as a support, not only low selectivity for phenol was observed but also none methods for cycle reaction ( Table 1, Run 4 and 5), which is a similar manner to the reported studies [8]. The influence of various types of solid supports on the Fe(III)-ssal catalyst performance was also investigated by keeping all other experimental conditions constant.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Typesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The mixture was then filtered, and the solid was washed with double distilled water and dried under vacuum at 25°C. The iron loading was determined to be 0.7 mmol Fe(III)/g Al 2 O 3 by atomic absorption spectroscopy [8,9].…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In alcoholwater or acetic acid-water, the catalyst can not exist stably in Fe(III)-ssal form as proved by less phenol yield [15]. Phenol was not obtained in the weak polar acetone [8].…”

Section: Effect Of Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photooxidation of Benzene to Phenol by Al2O3-Supported Fe(III)-5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (ssal) Complex

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2009

Catal Lett

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Selective oxidation of benzene with H 2 O 2 to phenol has been developed using a novel Fe(III) complex bearing 5-sulfosalicylic acid ligands immobilized alumina catalyst under visible light irradiation. The catalyst activity was evaluated by the photooxidation of benzene to phenol. The results indicate the best result with 100% conversion of benzene and 27.64% selectivity for phenol at low catalyst loading (0.7 mmol/g alumina). The catalyst was used for at least 4 cycles without any appreciable loss of activity.

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Section: Effect Of Catalyst Typesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photooxidation of Benzene to Phenol by Al2O3-Supported Fe(III)-5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (ssal) Complex

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2009

Catal Lett

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“…However, 2,5-xylenol selectivity was only 35.2 %. Monfared et al 7 studied the liquid phase hydroxylation of p-xylene with H2O2. The reaction gave 54 % 2,5-xylenol selectivity with 24 % p-xylene conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Hydroxylation of p-Xylene to 2,5-Xylenol with Hydroxylamine in Ionic Liquids/Molybdenum Catalytic System

Zhang¹,

Gao²,

Jin³

et al. 2014

Asian J. Chem.

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Direct hydroxylation of p-xylene to 2,5-xylenol with hydroxylamine was carried out in an ionic liquids/molybdenum catalytic system. High 2,5-xylenol selectivity (80-98 %) can be achieved with good p-xylene conversion (5.9-9.9 %) in this catalytic system. The recycling experiments suggested the ionic liquids/molybdenum catalytic system was stable enough to be recycled for the hydroxylation reaction.Keywords: Ionic liquids, Molybdenum, p-Xylene, Hydroxylamine, Hydroxylation, 2,5-Xylenol. Chemistry; Vol. 26, No. 22 (2014), [7527][7528][7529][7530][7531] hydroxylamine 16 . Interestingly, nearly 100 % selectivity was achieved for 2,5-xylenol. However, the yield of 2,5-xylenol was only around 3 % in the process. Asian Journal ofTo improve the yield of 2,5-xylenol, further study was carried out in the present work for p-xylene hydroxylation, using ionic liquids-containing media catalyzed by ammonium molybdate (Mo) catalyst (denoted as ILs/Mo catalytic system). A schematic representation of the reaction is given in Scheme-I. Various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, the amount of hydroxylamine and catalyst were optimized. And higher yield of 2,5-xylenol were obtained in this study. EXPERIMENTAL Preparation of ionic liquids: Ionic liquid [HSO3-bmim][CF3SO3] was prepared as follows 17,18 : equimolar N-methylimidazole and 1,4-butane sultone were charged into a 250 mL round-bottom flask and the mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 10 h. The solid zwitterion Determination of the Hammett acidity function of ionic liquids:The ionic liquids and the indicator 4-nitroaniline were dissolved in double distilled water at concentrations of 10 × 10 -3 mol/L and 1.5 × 10 -4 mol/L, respectively. Then their UVvisible spectra were recorded on a Varian Cary 300 spectrophotometer at room temperature.General procedure and detection method: The hydroxylation reaction was carried out in a 100 mL three-necked flask. Typically, hydroxylamine salts, catalyst and reaction media were charged into the flask. After stirring for about 15 min at 30 °C, p-xylene was introduced and the reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C for 4 h. The resulting mixture was cooled and neutralized to pH = 6-8 with a solution of sodium hydroxide. Then the obtained organic phase was extracted with ether and the concentrations of organic components were analyzed by a SP-3420 gas chromatography. p-xylene conversion (X Xylene ) and product selectivity (S i ) were calculated by the following eqns. 1 and 2:where ni is the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of i component, Wi is the weight percentage of i component and Mi is the molar mass of i component. For recycling of the ILs/Mo catalytic system, the same procedure was used as mentioned above. However, when the hydroxylation was stopped, the reaction mixture was cooled and extracted directly with ether without neutralization process. All the organic compounds including p-xylene, 2,5-xylenol and acetic acid, could be entirely extracted by ether for further analysis. The obtained aqueous mixture was evaporated ...

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“…Chromium silicalite, vanadium silicalite, iron on c-alumina, mesoporous niobium-silica and niobium-cobalt silica, bismuth oxide impregnated on ZSM-5, Mg-Mn-Al ternary hydrotalcite-like layered hydroxides, uranium containing silica mesoporous molecular sieves have all been used recently as catalysts for the process [10,11,[15][16][17][18]. In addition, in some of these studies, it was observed that the replacement of oxygen by hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent was useful [10,15,16]. However, it is known that pure oxygen is preferred as the oxidizing agent since it results in higher conversion, lower operating pressure and initial costs, and a higher energy saving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Liquid Phase Oxidation of Toluene to Benzoic Acid

Gizli¹,

Aytimur

Alpay

et al. 2008

Chem Eng & Technol

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The production of benzoic acid from toluene in the liquid phase with pure oxygen was studied. Investigations have been carried out with a view to determining the most suitable reaction conditions with respect to operating variables including oxygen flow rate, reaction temperature, batch time and catalyst loading. In a series of batch experiments carried out at 4 atm, the optimum values of mole ratio of oxygen to toluene, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were found to be 2, 157°C, 2 h and 0.57 g/L, respectively. In addition, a kinetic study was carried out by taking into consideration the optimum reaction conditions. The model dependent on the formation of benzyl radical was found to be feasible for describing the catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the liquid phase. The activation energy was determined as 40 kJ/mol.

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Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons by immobilized iron(III)

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

Photooxidation of Benzene to Phenol by Al2O3-Supported Fe(III)-5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (ssal) Complex

Photooxidation of Benzene to Phenol by Al2O3-Supported Fe(III)-5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (ssal) Complex

Direct Hydroxylation of p-Xylene to 2,5-Xylenol with Hydroxylamine in Ionic Liquids/Molybdenum Catalytic System

Catalytic Liquid Phase Oxidation of Toluene to Benzoic Acid

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