Hydrogen peroxide extracellular concentration in the ventrolateral medulla and its increase in response to hypoxia in vitro: Possible role of microglia

Pardo-Peña, Kenia; Lorea-Hernández, Jonathan Julio; Camacho-Hernández, Neira Polet; Ordaz, Benito; Villasana‐Salazar, Benjamín; Morales‐Villagrán, Alberto; Peña‐Ortega, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.032

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Microglial depletion is a common tool used to understand the role of microglia in neuronal activity [45,184,[188][189][190]. From these experiments, we can summarize that normal microglia activity is required for brain function and plasticity [45,[188][189][190][191]. For example, microglia elimination induces neural circuit hyperconnectivity and hyperactivity in adult mouse visual cortex [188], which is related to increases in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections to cortical pyramidal neurons [188].…”

Section: Microglial Regulation Of Synapsis Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractalkine/CX3CR1-Dependent Modulation of Synaptic and Network Plasticity in Health and Disease

Camacho-Hernández

Peña‐Ortega

2023

Neural Plasticity

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CX3CR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed exclusively by microglia within the brain parenchyma. The only known physiological CX3CR1 ligand is the chemokine fractalkine (FKN), which is constitutively expressed in neuronal cell membranes and tonically released by them. Through its key role in microglia-neuron communication, the FKN/CX3CR1 axis regulates microglial state, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and a variety of synaptic functions, as well as neuronal excitability via cytokine release modulation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Thus, the absence of CX3CR1 or any failure in the FKN/CX3CR1 axis has been linked to alterations in different brain functions, including changes in synaptic and network plasticity in structures such as the hippocampus, cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Since synaptic plasticity is a basic phenomenon in neural circuit integration and adjustment, here, we will review its modulation by the FKN/CX3CR1 axis in diverse brain circuits and its impact on brain function and adaptation in health and disease.

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