Hydrogen, nuclear energy, and the advanced high-temperature reactor

Forsberg, Charles W.

doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00232-x

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To produce hydrogen from conventional water electrolysis, all three stages are experienced, plus an additional stage of converting AC to DC. Therefore, although the conversion efficiency from DC electrical to chemical energy in a water electrolyzer could reach 80~90% [Forsberg, 2002[Forsberg, , 2003], the overall thermal efficiency is only around 30%. The power generation efficiency of future nuclear reactors will be increased significantly, e.g., utilizing Generation IV nuclear reactors [WNA, 2010].…”

Section: Smrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Splitting Technologies for Hydrogen Cogeneration from Nuclear Energy

Wang¹,

Naterer²

2011

Nuclear Power - Deployment, Operation and Sustainability

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Section: Smrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About two hundred thermochemical cycles were reported to produce hydrogen by thermochemical water splitting [Sadhankar et al, 2005;Forsberg, 2003]. Different cycles have various inputs of temperatures that must be provided by nuclear reactors.…”

Section: Thermal Integration Of Thermochemical Cycles and Nuclear Reamentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Splitting Technologies for Hydrogen Cogeneration from Nuclear Energy

Wang¹,

Naterer²

2011

Nuclear Power - Deployment, Operation and Sustainability

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“…Other general requirements are enabling effective heat transfer to the chemical plant with minimum temperature losses, minimizing the pressure losses in the primary loop (or intermediate loop if one is used), ensuring safety through chemically inert coolants, reducing the potential for power-to-flow mismatches in the reactor, and optimizing the capital cost with product demand. Because of their hightemperature capability, gas cooled reactors, heavy metal cooled reactors, and molten salt cooled reactors, all with gas power cycles (in the cases where electricity is also needed), are candidate technologies to be coupled to a hydrogen plant [LaBar 2002, Forsberg 2003]. Near-term hydrogen markets, however, would have to rely on available light or heavy water cooled nuclear reactors with low-temperature water electrolysis for hydrogen production.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuration and technology implications of potential nuclear hydrogen system applications.

Conzelmann¹,

Petri²,

Forsberg³

et al. 2005

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SummaryIntroduction -Nuclear-Generated Hydrogen Nuclear technologies have important distinctions and potential advantages for large-scale generation of hydrogen for U.S. energy services. Nuclear hydrogen requires no imported fossil fuels, results in lower greenhouse-gas emissions and other pollutants, lends itself to large-scale production, and is sustainable. The technical uncertainties in nuclear hydrogen processes and the reactor technologies needed to enable these processes, as well waste, proliferation, and economic issues must be successfully addressed before nuclear energy can be a major contributor to the nation's energy future. In order to address technical issues in the time frame needed to provide optimized hydrogen production choices, the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI) must examine a wide range of new technologies, make the best use of research funding, and make early decisions on which technology options to pursue. For these reasons, it is important that system integration studies be performed to help guide the decisions made in the NHI.In framing the scope of system integration analyses, there is a hierarchy of questions that should be addressed:• What hydrogen markets will exist and what are their characteristics?• Which markets are most consistent with nuclear hydrogen ?• What nuclear power and production process configurations are optimal?• What requirements are placed on the nuclear hydrogen system? Study ObjectivesThe intent of the NHI system studies is to gain a better understanding of nuclear power's potential role in a hydrogen economy and what hydrogen production technologies show the most promise. This work couples with system studies sponsored by DOE-EE and other agencies that provide a basis for evaluating and selecting future hydrogen production technologies. This assessment includes identifying commercial hydrogen applications and their requirements, comparing the characteristics of nuclear hydrogen systems to those market requirements, evaluating nuclear hydrogen configuration options within a given market, and identifying the key drivers and thresholds for market viability of nuclear hydrogen options. Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen ProductionDifferent methods for hydrogen production have different characteristics. For nuclear-generated hydrogen those characteristics include (1) economics that favor large-scale centralized production of hydrogen, (2) the co-production of oxygen as a byproduct, and (3) the availability Configuration and Technology Implications of Page ii Potential Nuclear Hydrogen System Applications Summary July 31, 2005 of low-cost heat. Hydrogen production technologies that use renewable energy generally involve smaller scale and dispersed production facilities.Each existing and potential market for hydrogen also has distinct characteristics that will favor particular methods of hydrogen production-even if each technology produces hydrogen at similar production costs. The size, location, and hydrogen product requirements will determine whether a production method w...

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“…Current LWRs and near-term, water-cooled ALWRs produce temperatures under 350°C and cannot be used for such purposes. However, other coolants of several Generation IV reactor concepts are proposed to reach such high temperatures (above 700°C) and may be coupled to thermochemical plants (Brown et al, 2003;Doctor et al, 2002;and Forsberg, 2003). A recent report by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) pointed out that the use of nuclear reactors to supply the heat needed in the steam methane reforming (SMR) process is potentially more economic than their use for water splitting (Sandell, 2003).…”

Section: Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current water-cooled reactors produce temperatures under 350°C, and cannot be used for such purposes. However, the coolants from several advanced reactor concepts do reach such high temperatures and may be coupled to thermochemical plants (Brown et al, 2003;Doctor et al, 2002;and Forsberg, 2003). A recent experimental heliumcooled reactor at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) was built specifically with the goal of hydrogen production.…”

Section: Proposed Technologies For Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrogen economy: opportunities, costs, barriers, and R&D needs

2005

Choice Reviews Online

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Hydrogen, nuclear energy, and the advanced high-temperature reactor

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Water Splitting Technologies for Hydrogen Cogeneration from Nuclear Energy

Water Splitting Technologies for Hydrogen Cogeneration from Nuclear Energy

Configuration and technology implications of potential nuclear hydrogen system applications.

The Hydrogen economy: opportunities, costs, barriers, and R&D needs

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