Hydrogen–natural gas blends fuelling passenger car engines: Combustion, emissions and well-to-wheels assessment

Dimopoulos, P.; Bach, Christian; Soltic, Patrik; Boulouchos, Konstantinos

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.07.012

Cited by 111 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The process of collecting, purifying and using methane obtained from biomass decomposition is relatively simpler compared to the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process used in gas-to-liquid (GTL) conversion (Korakianitis et al, 2011). However, at the current stage of technological development, well-to-wheel energy consumption (3.5 MJ/km) of methane obtained from biomass (D'Agosto and Ribeiro, 2009) is higher than fossil natural gas, gasoline and diesel (2 MJ/km) (Dimopoulos et al, 2008). Future developments in natural gas-fuelled engine technology and gas purification technology might ensure more efficient utilization of renewable methane from biomass.…”

Section: Natural Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels and the Hybrid Fuel Sector

Ágarwal¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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To enable India to cope with the predictable and challenging situation of a scarcity of petroleum fuels for surface transport in the future, we examine and evaluate in this study potential alternatives that can ensure adequate energy for the transport sector with acceptable environment implications. These alternatives can be broadly categorized into three groups from the perspective of planning a smooth transition from a conventional petroleum fuel-based transport system to sustainable energy alternatives. The first group includes non-conventional fossil-based resources such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), methane from coal beds and gas hydrates, shale oil, shale gas, etc. Use of these resources could provide energy security but cannot guarantee environmental benefits. The second group includes first generation biofuels (alcohol and biodiesel), and biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuels. These fuels are renewable but their current production methods and base feedstock do not appear promising enough to provide for a large-scale supply of fuel in a sustainable manner. The third group includes second generation biofuels and hydrogen. The feasibility of large-scale hydrogen production from renewable resources holds promise for scalable implementation and sustainability in the future but this would require huge technological challenges to be overcome. This study describes the potential of this proposed fuel resource scenario for transport fuels and discusses the technological challenges that would have to be addressed for its large-scale implementation.

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Section: Natural Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels and the Hybrid Fuel Sector

Ágarwal¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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“…Hence, the market pressure along with the increasing warning due to the effect of GHG emissions is pushing the researchers and manufacturers to search for more efficient engines with lower consumption and CO 2 emissions. The efforts are oriented to different issues such as thermal management [11][12][13][14], indicated cycle optimization [15][16][17], incylinder heat transfer (HT) reduction [18,19], friction and ancillaries losses reduction [20][21][22][23] or engine downsizing [24] between others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Tool to Perform Global Energy Balances in DI Diesel Engines

Payri¹,

Olmeda²,

Martín³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

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The generalization of exhaust aftertreatment systems along with the growing awareness about climate change is leading to an increasing importance of the efficiency over other criteria during the design of reciprocating engines. Using experimental and theoretical tools to perform detailed global energy balance (GEB) of the engine is a key issue for assessing the potential of different strategies to reduce consumption. With the objective of improving the analysis of GEB, this paper describes a tool that allows calculating the detailed internal repartition of the fuel energy in DI Diesel engines. Starting from the instantaneous in-cylinder pressure, the tool is able to describe the different energy paths thanks to different submodels for all the relevant subsystems. Hence, the heat transfer from gases to engine walls is obtained with specific convective and radiative models in the chamber and ports; the repartition of the heat flux throughout the engine metal elements towards the oil and coolant is estimated with a lumped capacitance model; finally, the ancillary systems and friction losses are obtained through specific semiempirical submodels. The validation of the tool is performed in a 4-cylinder DI Diesel engine instrumented to perform detailed experimental GEB. Finally, a simple analysis of combined internal and external analysis in the complete engine map shows the effect of operating conditions on each energy term. Thus it is demonstrated the utility of the proposed tool, that complements the experimental heat flow measurements in Diesel engine researches oriented to the reduction of energy consumption.

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“…Thus, different strategies are proposed to achieve these objectives; thermal management improvement [1] [2], indicated cycle optimization [3][4], incylinder heat transfer (HT) reduction [5] [6], reduction of friction and auxiliaries losses [7][8], engine downsizing [9], new combustion concepts [10][11] among others. In the present work, the research effort has been focused on improving knowledge of incylinder heat transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-cylinder soot radiation heat transfer in direct-injection diesel engines

Benajes

Martín

García

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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HIGHLIGHTSOptoelectronic pyrometer provides similar results compared with a conventional method Lower injection pressure results in higher radiation Higher ambient temperature and higher in-cylinder gas density produce higher radiation Larger lift-off length reduces the soot volume fraction and the spectral intensity An increase on swirl number, load and CA50 provide a lower total radiation Lower values of EGR implies a decreased on radiation intensity KEYWORDSSoot; in-cylinder heat transfer; radiation; Optical pyrometer; ABSTRACTThe efficiency and CO 2 are one of the main concerns of automotive manufacturers.There are several strategies under investigation to solve this problem. In the present work, the research effort has been focused on improving knowledge of in-cylinder heat transfer and its impact on engine efficiency. In particular, soot radiation was studied since it can be considered a significant source of the efficiency losses in modern diesel engines. Considering previous studies, the portion of total chemical energy released during combustion lost due to radiation heat transfer varies widely from 0.5 up to 10%, depending on engine parameters and combustion process. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of energy lost to soot radiation relative to the input fuel chemical energy during the combustion event under different operating conditions in a completely controlled environment provided by an optical engine. Under these simplified conditions, two-color method was applied by using high speed imaging pyrometer with cameras (two dimensional results) and optoelectronic pyrometer (zero dimensional results). Once a detailed comparison between both diagnostics was performed, optoelectronic pyrometer was used to characterize radiant energy losses in a fully instrumented 4-cylinder direct-injection light-duty diesel engine. In particular swirl ratio, EGR and combustion phasing effects on radiation heat transfer were evaluated.

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Hydrogen–natural gas blends fuelling passenger car engines: Combustion, emissions and well-to-wheels assessment

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Biofuels and the Hybrid Fuel Sector

Biofuels and the Hybrid Fuel Sector

A New Tool to Perform Global Energy Balances in DI Diesel Engines

In-cylinder soot radiation heat transfer in direct-injection diesel engines

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