Hydrogen mobility in diamond studies using HI-ERDA microscopy

Machi, I.Z.; Connell, S. H.; Schaaff, Petra; Doyle, B.P.; Maclear, R.D.; Bharuth‐Ram, K.; Formenti, Paola; Sellschop, J.P.F.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(97)00067-0

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…PAC measurements on In in diamond found no complexation with hydrogen [37]. Studies on hydrogen implantation into diamond at similar energies and doses to those used in this work have shown it to strongly trap in its own range distribution [38][39][40]. We expect this to have been the case in our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Study of indium-defect interactions in diamond using two-dimensional conversion-electron emission channelling

Doyle

Storbeck

Wahl

et al. 1999

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Channelling has, since its inception, proven to be a valuable tool in locating the geometric position of atoms in the crystal lattice. Allied with powerful theoretical models, it can yield detailed information on the positions that these impurities occupy. 111 In, a radioactive isotope with a conveniently short half-life, is an often-used probe of heavy-atom doping of materials. Previous work has centred on the lattice location of 111 In implanted in type IIa diamond. Theoretical calculations on this `pure' system have also recently been made. We have performed the first studies of 111 In implanted into various carefully selected, defect-rich diamond systems and obtained fractions for the sites occupied. The defect systems investigated include nitrogen in various configurations, boron, hydrogen and vacancies. The use of two-dimensional conversion-electron emission channelling (CEEC) has enabled the system to be studied in greater detail than with conventional one-dimensional CEEC. Coupled with the acquisition of the CEEC spectra for all the major channelling axes, this has yielded a comprehensive data set. The spectra are consistent with a pure substitutional fraction as well as another fraction, approximately 0.45 Åfrom the substitutional along a 111 direction. Previous measurements observed these two components together as substitutional or `near-substitutional'. The data have been compared to simulated CEEC spectra and earlier quantum chemical calculations. The pure substitutional fraction is indicated to be in a defect-free configuration while the component displaced away from substitutional involves most probably the divacancy and another nearby defect. The results show no dependence on impurity type, even after annealing. If indium complexation with these defects does occur it is shown not to measurably affect the channelled spectra and thus the projected lattice location of the 111 In probe. The origin of the random fraction measured in previous studies is proposed to be partially due to In in different multi-vacancy complexes. Taken together, the data indicate the importance of vacancies (complexes) in the final configuration for In after implantation in diamond.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Study of indium-defect interactions in diamond using two-dimensional conversion-electron emission channelling

Doyle

Storbeck

Wahl

et al. 1999

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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show abstract

“…The analysis procedure (Machi et al 1997) used to convert the measured yield to hydrogen concentration takes into account the energy loss of the incident projectile ion beam in the target, the scattering of hydrogen at a depth x by the projectile ion, and the energy loss of the ejected hydrogen in the foils in front of the detector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of an implanted H distribution in diamond has been studied by Machi et al (1997) by imaging with the micro-scanned Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (μHI-ERDA) technique. A 25 MeV 35 Cl 4+ beam was incident on the diamond sample at an angle of 70 • (to the surface normal) and the ejected hydrogen ions were detected in a Si surface barrier detector at a recoil angle of 30 • .…”

Section: Heavy Ion Erdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods

Verma¹

2006

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Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis

Trocellier¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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In 1976, a Canadian group described in detail for the first time a new ion beam analytical method based on the elastic recoil of target nuclei collided with high energy heavy incident ions. In this case 25–40‐MeV 35 Cl impinged on a multilayer C or Cu (backing)/LiF or LiOH/Cu (30–150 nm)/LiF or LiOH and H, Li, O and F recoiled atoms were detected. These exemplified the main characteristics of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA): its sensitivity to depth distribution and its ability to detect light elements in heavy substrates. In 1979, the use of megaelectronvolt energy 4 He beams permitted the use of ERDA to be extended to depth profiling of hydrogen isotopes in the near surface region of solids. ERDA has rapidly been revealed to be an excellent alternative to resonant nuclear reaction spectrometry for hydrogen determination in solids. Despite its less advantageous performance with respect to its lower depth resolution, lower analyzable depth, comparable sensitivity and more restricting irradiation and detection geometry, some ERDA features have made its development in ion beam analysis (IBA) laboratories worldwide easier; these are simultaneous access to 1 H and 2 H depth distributions, access to single‐ended Van de Graaff accelerators compared with tandem or cyclotrons, the ability to be combined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and a less damaging effect on the investigated targets compared to those generated by heavy ions. The development of detection devices and the analytical capabilities offered by high‐energy heavy ion‐induced ERDA in material sciences for profiling light, medium and large mass number elements give this method a wide area in which to progress as illustrated by discussions at ion beam‐related technique conferences.

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Hydrogen mobility in diamond studies using HI-ERDA microscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Study of indium-defect interactions in diamond using two-dimensional conversion-electron emission channelling

Study of indium-defect interactions in diamond using two-dimensional conversion-electron emission channelling

Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods

Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis

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