Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Water Passing Through Trees

Wershaw, Robert L.; Friedman, Irving; Heller, StephenR.; Frank, P

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-012758-3.50007-4

Cited by 116 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Within the group of plants with 6'3C values ranging from -30%o to -25%o, there is a broad overlap in the oxygen isotope ratio among C3 plants having 680 Ziegler et al (25) proposed that CAM plants are enriched in deuterium relative to C3 and C4 plants because of their ability to maintain metabolic activity under water stress. They argued that, under water stress, plant water becomes enriched in deuterium during evaotranspiration (23), and this enrichment is passed on to the organically bound hydrogen. If this proposal is correct, plants with higher cellulose nitrate AD values should also have higher cellulose 518O values, since evapotranspiration also causes enrichment of 8O in plant water (8) and consequently in cellulose (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Sternberg¹,

DeNiro²,

Ting³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of cellulose nitrate and oxygen isotope ratios of cellulose from species of greenhouse plants having different photosynthetic modes were determined. When hydrogen isotope ratios are plotted against carbon isotope ratios, four clusters of points are discernible, each representing different photosynthetic modes: C3 plants, C4 plants, CAM plants, and C3 plants that can shift to CAM or show the phenomenon referred to as CAM-cycling. The combination of oxygen and carbon isotope ratios does not distinguish among the different photosynthetic modes. Analysis of the carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of cellulose nitrate should prove useful for screening different photosynthetic modes in field specimens that grew near one another. This method will be particularly useful for detection of plants which show CAMcycling.There are three major photosynthetic pathways in plants: C3,2 C4, and CAM. Carbohydrates in all three are synthesized by the Calvin cycle. In C3 plants, CO2 is fixed directly into the Calvin cycle, with the primary carboxylation product being a threecarbon compound (11). In C4 and CAM plants, the initial carboxylation product is a four-carbon compound (10,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Sternberg¹,

DeNiro²,

Ting³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…They are often seen as ideal tracers, since they are part of the water molecule. During root water uptake, the isotopic composition of the remaining soil water is usually not altered (Wershaw et al, 1966;Dawson and Ehleringer, 1991). However, evaporation leads to isotopic fractionation, where the remaining water is generally enriched in heavy isotopes (equilibrium fractionation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil water stable isotopes reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the critical zone

Sprenger

Tetzlaff

Soulsby

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

165

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Abstract. Understanding the influence of vegetation on water storage and flux in the upper soil is crucial in assessing the consequences of climate and land use change. We sampled the upper 20 cm of podzolic soils at 5 cm intervals in four sites differing in their vegetation (Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and heather (Calluna sp. and Erica Sp)) and aspect. The sites were located within the Bruntland Burn longterm experimental catchment in the Scottish Highlands, a low energy, wet environment. Sampling took place on 11 occasions between September 2015 and September 2016 to capture seasonal variability in isotope dynamics. The pore waters of soil samples were analyzed for their isotopic composition (δ 2 H and δ 18 O) with the direct-equilibration method. Our results show that the soil waters in the top soil are, despite the low potential evaporation rates in such northern latitudes, kinetically fractionated compared to the precipitation input throughout the year. This fractionation signal decreases within the upper 15 cm resulting in the top 5 cm being isotopically differentiated to the soil at 15-20 cm soil depth. There are significant differences in the fractionation signal between soils beneath heather and soils beneath Scots pine, with the latter being more pronounced. But again, this difference diminishes within the upper 15 cm of soil. The enrichment in heavy isotopes in the topsoil follows a seasonal hysteresis pattern, indicating a lag time between the fractionation signal in the soil and the increase/decrease of soil evaporation in spring/autumn. Based on the kinetic enrichment of the soil water isotopes, we estimated the soil evaporation losses to be about 5 and 10 % of the infiltrating water for soils beneath heather and Scots pine, respectively. The high sampling frequency in time (monthly) and depth (5 cm intervals) revealed high temporal and spatial variability of the isotopic composition of soil waters, which can be critical, when using stable isotopes as tracers to assess plant water uptake patterns within the critical zone or applying them to calibrate traceraided hydrological models either at the plot to the catchment scale.

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“…This methodology is based on the fact that (1) soil water extraction by roots does not induce isotopic fractionation of either oxygen or hydrogen isotopes of water [2,44,45] and (2) gradients in oxygen or hydrogen isotope composition (δ 18 O or δ 2 H) of soil water with soil depth may arise from seasonal variations in rainfall isotope signature [11,12] and from the isotope fractionation that occurs during surface soil water evaporation (see review in [16]). Therefore, by comparing instantaneous δ 18 O or δ 2 H of xylem sap water with that of soil water, it is possible to interpolate a mean soil depth where roots extract water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H₂¹⁸O extraction profiles

et al. 2000

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-We inferred water acquisition patterns of two major tropical rainforest canopy tree species, during wet and dry seasons in different soil drainage conditions, based on the natural abundance of 18 O in soil and xylem water and on descriptions of the vertical extension of root systems. Vertical 18 O patterns in the soil were not monotonic and spatially distinct soil layers displayed similar 18 O values. Therefore, vertical patterns of water extraction could only be interpreted by combining the isotopic data with observed root and soil moisture vertical distributions. On sites with deep vertical drainage (DVD), Eperua falcata was able to absorb water down to at least -3.0 m depth, whereas Dicorynia guianensis depended solely on superficial layers. On sites with superficial lateral drainage (SLD), the rooting system of both species was less deep, but Eperua falcata was still able to extract water around -2.0 m depth. Despite these distinct patterns, there was no effect of seasonal soil drought on leaf water status. In terms of adaptation to seasonal soil drought, the strategy of Eperua falcata might be advantageous under occasional severe soil moisture stress.

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Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Water Passing Through Trees

Cited by 116 publications

References 5 publications

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Soil water stable isotopes reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the critical zone

Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H₂¹⁸O extraction profiles

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Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Water Passing Through Trees

Cited by 116 publications

References 5 publications

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Plants Having Intermediary Photosynthetic Modes

Soil water stable isotopes reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the critical zone

Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H218O extraction profiles

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Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H₂¹⁸O extraction profiles