Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural abundance and deuterium‐enriched waters by reduction over chromium on‐line to a dynamic dual inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer

Donnelly, Terry; Waldron, Susan; Tait, Andrew; Dougans, J.; Bearhop, Stuart

doi:10.1002/rcm.361

Cited by 83 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Oxygen isotope ratios were analysed at SUERC using an automated CO 2 equilibration technique (after Epstein and Mayeda, 1953) using 1 ml of sample and analysing the resulting equilibrated CO 2 on an Analytical Precision AP2003 continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Water was reduced to H 2 using a chromium furnace (Donnelly et al, 2001); this was analysed using a VG SIRA 9 mass spectrometer (2005 samples) and a VG Optima (2006 samples). Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes were measured relative to V-SMOW.…”

Section: Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system — Savo, Solomon Islands

et al. 2010

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In magmatic-hydrothermal and associated geothermal systems, acidic magmatic-derived fluids (pH<3) commonly discharge from springs proximal to the vent of active (degassing) volcanoes and more alkaline (pH>5) geothermal fluids are typically limited to lateral outflows some distance from the main vent. Here we describe an unusual hydrothermal system associated with Savo volcano, a recently active (1830-40) trachyte-dominated island arc stratovolcano in the Solomon Islands. Hot springs (~100°C) near to the volcanic crater discharge alkaline waters instead of the more commonly recognised acidic fluids. 2The hydrothermal system of Savo dominantly discharges sinter and travertine-forming alkaline sulphate (pH 7-8) waters at hot springs on its upper flanks, in addition to a small number of lower discharge acid sulphate springs (pH 2-7). Alkaline sulphate springs discharge dilute, chloride-poor (<50 mg/l), sulphate-(>600 mg/l) and silica-rich (>250 mg/l) fluids. They have restricted δ 34 S SO4 (5.4 ± 1.5‰) and δ 18 O H2O values (−4‰; local nonthermal groundwater is −8‰). Acid sulphate springs discharge low chloride (<20 mg/l), high sulphate (300-800 mg/l) waters, with variable silica (100-300 mg/l) and distinctly lower δ 34 S SO4 values (−0.6 ± 2.5‰) compared to the alkaline sulphate fluids. They also display high δ 18 O H2O and δD H2O relative to non-thermal groundwater.Geochemical modelling shows that water-rock reaction and dilution in the presence of secondary anhydrite, pyrite and quartz leads to chloride being diluted to low concentrations, whilst maintaining high sulphate and silica concentrations in the fluid. Strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes confirm water-rock reaction and mixing with groundwater as primary controls on the composition of the alkaline sulphate springs.The highly unusual dilute chemistry of all discharges at Savo is a consequence of high regional rainfall, i.e. climatic control, and results from open system mixing at depth between hydrothermal and meteoric waters.

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Section: Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system — Savo, Solomon Islands

et al. 2010

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“…The δD m values increase with time and eventually reach a steady value after 6 min within an analytical error of 0.5‰. Life of chromium Donelly et al (2001) state that approximately 180 runs are possible using 1 µl of water per run in a reactor containing Cr of a similar amount and grain size. In our case, we found that 100~150 runs are possible using 2 µl of water per run.…”

Section: Optimum Conditions For Reductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The overall configuration of the reaction tube and furnace is similar to that described by Donelly et al (2001). Our system, however, includes some improvements described here.…”

Section: Reaction Tube and Chromium Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a)). This position secured a more homogeneous temperature distribution along the reaction tube than the vertical position adopted by Donelly et al (2001). We used a quartz glass tube of 20 mm O.D.…”

Section: Reaction Tube and Chromium Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been proposed to prepare hydrogen from water. These are reduction by uranium (Bigeleisen et al, 1952), zinc (Coleman et al, 1982;Kendall and Coplen, 1985), manganese (Tanweer and Han, 1996) and chromium (Gehre et al, 1996;Donelly et al, 2001;Nelson and Dettman, 2001;Morrison et al, 2001), and by a H 2 -H 2 O equilibration technique (Ohsumi and Fujino, 1986;Horita, 1988;Ohba and Hirabayashi, 1996). Each method has its own advantage and disadvantage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some practical aspects of an on-line chromium reduction method for D/H analysis of natural waters using a conventional IRMS

Itai

Kusakabe

2004

Geochem. J.

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Some practical aspects were investigated for an on-line chromium reduction technique for measurement of D/H variations of natural waters using a conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometer. They include the configuration of the reaction system, the precautions taken before mass spectrometric measurement, the reproducibility of δD measurement, memory effects and salt effects. Approximately 150 water samples of 2 µl can be run with Cr powder (60 mesh) weighing approximately 16 g mixed with quartz glass sand (10 mesh). The mixture functions to avoid choking of the Cr reactor due to volume increase as Cr oxidation proceeds. The Cr powder-quartz glass sand mixture is placed in the middle of a quartz glass reaction tube and heated to >800°C. The reproducibility is ca. ±0.5‰ if care is taken for the above precautions and memory effects. This system can be easily installed on a conventional IRMS at low cost.

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Development of push moraines in deeply frozen sediment adjacent to a cold‐based glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Fitzsimons

Howarth

2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Previous studies of push moraines have concluded that structural architecture is controlled by a combination of stress exerted by flowing ice and the rheology of the deforming sediment. However, the relationship between deformation processes and the thermal/hydrologic conditions within the sediment remains ambiguous. Using a combination of surface mapping, logging exposures and ground penetrating radar we examine the relationships between surface morphology, material properties and development of deformation structures in deeply frozen sediment that has been deformed by Joyce Glacier, a cold‐based glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The structural architecture of the push moraines is characterized by a combination of brittle and ductile deformation structures that have produced a structurally complex pattern of thrust faults, low angle listric thrusts and recumbent folds that extend 400 m beyond the glacier margin. Deformation is ductile where the ice concentration exceeds c. 65% volume and predominantly brittle where the ice concentration is less than c. 65%. The change in rheology reflects transition in behaviour from the material having a predominantly frictional character when the ice is limited to pore spaces to a non‐frictional character in which strength is primarily determined by the cohesive strength of the ice. This work shows that glaciotectonic deformation can occur in deeply frozen permafrost where there is no liquid pore water. We conclude that the presence of liquid porewater is not a necessary condition for the development of glaciotectonic deformation or for the formation of push moraines. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural abundance and deuterium‐enriched waters by reduction over chromium on‐line to a dynamic dual inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer

Cited by 83 publications

References 12 publications

Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system — Savo, Solomon Islands

Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system — Savo, Solomon Islands

Some practical aspects of an on-line chromium reduction method for D/H analysis of natural waters using a conventional IRMS

Development of push moraines in deeply frozen sediment adjacent to a cold‐based glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

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