Hydrogen infrastructure build-up for automotive applications

Abstract

Infrastructure, Finance, Roadmap, Fueling station, Automobiles, Hydrogen, Fuel cell,

Transport Biofuels: Their Characteristics, Production and Costs

“…Electric traction is common in train transport, but there are also ships powered by electricity, and a battery-powered small airplane has been demonstrated (Sanderson 2008). Allelectric cars currently have limited application, but more recently there has been a rapid increase in the use of hybrid cars that use both internal combustion engines and electromotors (Mom and Kirsch 2001;Würster and Zittel 2007;Høyer 2008).…”

“…Fuel cells may also be used for the propulsion of ships and airplanes (Littlefield and Nickens 2005;Lapeña-Rey et al 2008;Sanderson 2008). Introduction of hydrogen as a major transport fuel requires concerted action of many stakeholders (Würster and Zittel 2007) and includes large changes in fuelling infrastructure and a major effort to reduce fire and explosion risks (MacLean and Lave 2003;Agnolucci 2007;Astbury and Hawksworth 2007;Markert et al 2007;Melaina 2007;Ng and Lee 2008). Also, major advances in several key components of motorcars are necessary for a successful large-scale introduction of all-electric or H 2 -powered cars (Chalk and Miller 2006;Matheys et al 2007;Høyer 2008;Lache et al 2008;Samaras and Meisterling 2008).…”