Hydrogen in palladium and palladium alloys

Lewis, F. A.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(95)00126-3

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The formation of palladium hydride is an important concern in the dense Pd membrane when used in gas mixtures separation or in hydrogenation reactions [35,36]. Its formation provokes mechanical damage of the membranes, they become brittle.…”

Section: Phenol Oxidation With Catalytic Membrane Reactors Prepared Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide applying novel catalytic membrane reactors

Osegueda

Dafinov

Llorca

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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This work presents a novel method for oxidation of organic matter in water solutions based on catalytic membrane reactors. The oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, is generated directly in the bulk of the liquid investigated. Commercial symmetric alumina hollow fibers have been used as a starting material thereafter introducing the active phases. It has been proven that two different catalysts are necessary in order to complete the overall reaction, as well as to generate hydrogen peroxide and a heterogeneous Fenton process. Palladium has been used for the hydrogen peroxide generation and a second active phase, transitional metal oxides or homogeneous Fe2+, has been used for the hydroxyl radical generation. An additional method for specific Pd loading to the reaction zone based on sputtering technique has been developed. All prepared catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) are capable of generating hydrogen peroxide in amounts comparable to CMRs reported in the literature. The catalytic membrane reactors prepared by Pd impregnation show very high activity and stability in phenol oxidation reaching 40% of the generated H2O2 usage in the oxidation reaction. Despite the very high activity of the catalytic membrane reactors obtained by Pd sputtering in H2O2 production they suffer very fast deactivation. Specific reactivation including a calcination step has been found to be appropriate for the recovery of their activity. Additional experiments give new insights for better understanding of Pd deactivation especially when the metal particles are of nanometer sizes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Postprint (published version

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Section: Phenol Oxidation With Catalytic Membrane Reactors Prepared Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome the problems associated with the hydride formation the working temperature is maintained above certain level, e.g. 300°C [36][37][38].…”

Section: Phenol Oxidation With Catalytic Membrane Reactors Prepared Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide applying novel catalytic membrane reactors

Osegueda

Dafinov

Llorca

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…19 The Nafion membrane was dipped in each APES and SPES solutions at room temperature for 10 min to deposit the multilayer films on the Nafion. After each dipping step, the membrane was rinsed with deionized water to remove weakly bound polyelectrolyte molecules.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol Barriers Derived from Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Poly(ethersulfone)s for High Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Ok¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Layer-by-layer assembled multilayers of poly(ethersulfone)s were deposited on the surface of Nafion membrane for the application of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Aminated poly(ethersulfone) (APES) and sulfonated poly(ethersulfone) (SPES) were used as a polycation and a polyanion for fabrication of the multilayer films. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy verified a linear build-up of the multilayers of APES and SPES on the surface of Nafion. Thin multilayer films deposited on the Nafion membrane enabled methanol permeability of the membrane to decrease by 78% in comparison with the pristine Nafion. The performance of DMFCs in concentrated methanol was highly enhanced by using the multilayer modified Nafion.

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“…Porous nanoparticles, and in particular Pd, are being investigated for their potential use in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and electrochemistry [1]. For all of these applications, a very high surface area is desirable, with every point in the material ideally being within a few atoms of an interface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3-D Pore Structure of Pd Nanoparticles as a Function of Temperature

et al. 2009

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With the increasing interest and usage of alternative energy sources, the need for reliable and efficient energy storage methods is likewise increasing. Porous nanoparticles, and in particular Pd, are being investigated for their potential use in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and electrochemistry [1]. For all of these applications, a very high surface area is desirable, with every point in the material ideally being within a few atoms of an interface. This would facilitate attributes such as high double-layer capacitance, higher reaction rates in kinetically limited interfacial reactions, and rapid charging with hydrogen [2,3]. However, in order to ensure the reliable performance of these materials for such applications, the pore connectivity, diffusion, migration, and collapse must be understood for a variety of thermal treatments. As 2-D images only provide a projection of the structure of the nanoparticles, 3-D imaging is necessary to completely describe the complex pore structure and its age-dependent evolution.Here we investigate porous nanoparticles of Pd using a combination of STEM tomography and in-situ heating experiments. Our previous results show that the pore structure begins to change as low as 100°C, and complete pore collapse occurs at 400°C. The particles in this study are heated to various temperatures and then cooled, thus "freezing in" the pore structure. This pore structure is then studied with STEM tomography and reconstructed in 3-D. Figure 1 shows results from the untreated sample used as the control. Figure 1(a) is one of 141 STEM images illustrating that porosity is visible. Figure 1(b) is a 1nm slice through the reconstruction showing that the porosity is very complex, with some pores connecting within the slice, some pores going through the slice, and some pores going to the surface. Figures 1(c) and (d) show volume and surface renders, respectively, further illustrating that the pores go through the particles and to the surfaces. Results will be presented from the heat treated samples comparing the 3-D pore structure to these control results [4].

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Hydrogen in palladium and palladium alloys

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide applying novel catalytic membrane reactors

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of phenol by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide applying novel catalytic membrane reactors

Methanol Barriers Derived from Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Poly(ethersulfone)s for High Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The 3-D Pore Structure of Pd Nanoparticles as a Function of Temperature

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