Hydrogen in 316 steel — diffusion, permeation and surface reaction

Grant, David M.; Cummings, D.L.; Blackburn, D. A.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(88)90319-4

Cited by 85 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The relative solubility then provides a indirect indication of the accuracy of the diffusion determination. If we neglect the studies that result in low solubility [15,34,35] and only consider the studies where the solubility determinations cluster at the highest values [29,32,36], the hydrogen diffusivity relationships are in good accord with one another. The relationship of Louthan and Derrick [27], Table 1 and marked by circles in Figure 5, appears to represent a good average of diffusivity for austenitic stainless steels.…”

Section: Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average relationship of Sun et al was also generated from six alloys in several conditions (solutionized, annealed and cold-worked) [29] and is marked with triangles in Figure 4. The other lines represent permeability determined for type 316 stainless steels from a number of studies [15,16,[32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triangles: average of six austenitic stainless steels [29]. Other full lines: [15,16,[32][33][34][35][36]. Temperature, 1000/T (K -1 ) Figure 5.…”

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circles: average for several different austenitic stainless steels [27]. Full lines: [29,32,36]. Dotted lines represent relationships from studies that feature low solubility, same studies dotted in Figure 6 [15,34,35].…”

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7. Solubility of hydrogen in austenitic stainless steels from several studies extrapolated to ambient temperature: Louthan [27] and Sun [29], average from several austenitic stainless steels; Gromov [32], 316L; and Grant [36], 316. Tables 3-7, closed symbols, data from Table 2 and Refs.…”

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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10.2172/918137

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Section: Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triangles: average of six austenitic stainless steels [29]. Other full lines: [15,16,[32][33][34][35][36]. Temperature, 1000/T (K -1 ) Figure 5.…”

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2000

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Deuterium Recycling Rate Constants Derived from Plasma Implantation/Desorption Shots in a Martensitic Steel Surface

Sedano

Esteban²,

Perujo

2001

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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The recombination (K 2 ) and dissociation rate constants (K 1 ) are essential magnitudes for the tracking of tritium at the First Wall (FW) of Fusion Reactors (FR). This paper presents our plasma implantation/recycling test, the modelling of the experiment and the results obtained for K 2 and K 1 in the case of a deuterium (D þ 3 /D þ 2 ) plasma in the martensitic steel DIN 1.4914 (MANET). Once parasitic contributions were accounted, the D 2 release from the target was seen to be surface limited. The values obtained for K 1 and K 2 show low dispersion on impinging flux and ion energies. For K 1 a roughly constant value of 7 Â 10 --6 mol Pa --1 m --2 s --1 is derived. The obtained K 2 is written as: K 2 = 2.414 exp (--1571/RT) (m 4 mol --1 s --1 ), with R = 8.314 J mol --1 K --1 . Our activation energies agree with those existing in the literature derived from permeation experiments. High reflection coefficients are derived, which are in good agreement with the classical theory of ion scattering at low energy.

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Towards more Durable Electrochemical Capacitors by Elucidating the Ageing Mechanisms under Different Testing Procedures

Fic

Frąckowiak

et al. 2018

ChemElectroChem

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Electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) commonly denoted supercapacitors are rechargeable energy storage devices with excellent power and energy delivery metrics intermediate to conventional capacitors and batteries. High‐voltage aqueous electrolyte based EDLCs are particularly attractive due to their high‐power capability, facile production, and environmental advantages. EDLCs should last for thousands of cycles and evaluation of future cell chemistries require long‐term and costly galvanostatic cycling. Voltage holding tests have been proposed to shorten evaluation time by accelerating cell degradation processes. Whether voltage holding can replace cycling completely remains undemonstrated. In this work, a systematic investigation of the influence of testing procedure on cell performance is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art post‐mortem and operando experimental techniques are implemented to elucidate ageing mechanisms and kinetics inside EDLC cells under different testing procedures. Carbon corrosion occurring on the positively polarized electrode leads to the lower active surface area and higher oxygen content. On the contrary, an increase of surface area and micropore volume are observed on the negatively polarized electrode. Repeated galvanostatic cycles at U <1.6 V appears to facilitate the depletion of oxygen species on the positively polarized electrode in comparison with voltage holding, which indicates a more complex degradation mechanism during cycling. Caution is advised when comparing results from different test procedures.

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Hydrogen in 316 steel — diffusion, permeation and surface reaction

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

10.2172/918137

10.2172/918137

Deuterium Recycling Rate Constants Derived from Plasma Implantation/Desorption Shots in a Martensitic Steel Surface

Towards more Durable Electrochemical Capacitors by Elucidating the Ageing Mechanisms under Different Testing Procedures

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