Hydrogen IC Engine Boosting Performance and NOx Study

Natkin, Robert J.; Tang, Xiaoguo; Boyer, Brad; Oltmans, Bret; Denlinger, Adam; Heffel, James W.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-0631

Cited by 81 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The maximum brake thermal efficiency peaked at 38%, around λ=2 and 2000 rpm. Similar figures were reported by Natkin et al [23] for a similar engine with supercharging to increase power output. The authors also report a relative increase of 15-20% in brake thermal efficiency at the lower 200 6 loads when using the equivalence ratio to control load (WOT, qualitative control strategy) rather than throttling (quantitative control strategy).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Several papers have reported efficiencies of engines operated on hydrogen. Ford [22, 23,24] published figures obtained on a dedicated hydrogen engine, where (among other things) the compression ratio (CR) was optimized to take advantage of the 190 high auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen. Tang et al [22] mapped the brake specific fuel consumption, both for a constant equivalence ratio, throttled strategy as for a WOT strategy (regulating load with mixture richness).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels, hydrogen and methanol formed from hydrogen, with gasoline – Engine efficiency study

Vancoillie

Demuynck

Sileghem

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

107

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The use of hydrogen derived methanol in spark-ignition engines forms a promising approach to decarbonizing transport and securing domestic energy supply. Methanol can be renewably produced from hydrogen in combination 10 with biomass or CO 2 from the atmosphere and flue gases. From well to tank studies it appears that hydrogen derived methanol compares favourably with liquid or compressed hydrogen both in terms of production cost and energy efficiency. Since existing well to wheel studies are based on outdated technology, this paper tries to provide efficiency figures for state-of-the-art 15 hydrogen and methanol engines using published data and measurements on our own flex-fuel engine.Both fuels offer a great potential for efficiency improvements compared to gasoline engines thanks to a variety of favourable properties. However, there is a clear distinction between engines specifically designed for hydro-20 gen or methanol operation and flex-fuel engines, which should also run on gasoline. For dedicated engines, the literature indicates that peak brake thermal efficiencies up to 45% and 42% are possible on hydrogen and methanol respectively. The ability to employ qualitative load control instead of throttling enables relative efficiency improvements compared to gasoline between 25 10-20% due to reduced pumping losses in part load. On our flex fuel engine, operation on hydrogen using qualitative load control enabled the highest efficiencies, especially at low loads, where improvements up to 40% relative to gasoline were possible. At elevated loads, rising NO x emissions necessitated a switch to throttled stoichiometric operation, resulting in efficiencies compa- (5-10% relative to gasoline), but can be retained over the entire load range. These improvements are mostly due to reduced pumping losses, increased burning velocities and a slight decrease in cooling losses. Future well-to-wheel studies should take this considerable potential for ef- 35ficiency improvements into consideration and should also distinguish between dedicated and flex-fuel engines.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels, hydrogen and methanol formed from hydrogen, with gasoline – Engine efficiency study

Vancoillie

Demuynck

Sileghem

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Berckmüller et al (2003) have reported results from a single-cylinder engine supercharged to 1.8 bar that achieves a 30% increase in specific power output compared to a naturally aspirated gasoline engine. Natkin et al (2003) report results for a supercharged 4-cylinder 2.0-L Ford Zetec engine and a 4-cylinder 2.3-L Ford Duratec engine that is used for conventional and hybrid vehicles (Jaura et al, 2004). Two Nissan engines tested for hydrogen hybrid vehicle use at Musashi Institute of Technology showed a similar 35% increase in power due to boosting while holding NO x emissions at 10 ppm (Escher, 1975).…”

Section: Pressure-boosted H2icementioning

confidence: 92%

“…More recently, substantial development has been brought about by research efforts from BMW (Berckmüller et al, 2003) and Ford (Natkin et al, 2003;Jaura et al, 2004). Berckmüller et al (2003) have reported results from a single-cylinder engine supercharged to 1.8 bar that achieves a 30% increase in specific power output compared to a naturally aspirated gasoline engine.…”

Section: Pressure-boosted H2icementioning

confidence: 98%

“…They reported a decrease in the preignition-limited equivalence ratio from 1 to 0.6 when inlet pressure was increased from 1 to 1.85 bar. Intercooling is a commonly used strategy for addressing this problem as well: Ford , s experimental hydrogen engines incorporate dual intercoolers to maximize cooling of the supercharged air (Natkin et al, 2003). With proper ignition-timing control, they were able to operate free of preignition at equivalence ratios up to 0.8.…”

Section: Pressure-boosted H2icementioning

confidence: 99%

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