Hydrogen Hybrid ICE Powertrains with Ultra-Low NO _x Emissions in Non-Road Mobile Machinery

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, we will show the potentials of reducing NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of an H<sub>2</sub>-ICE to an ultra-low level by hybridizing the H<sub>2</sub>-ICE in an NRMM powertrain. Real-world measurement data of NRMM together with a simulated hybrid powertrain and operating strategy form the input data for the H<sub>2</sub>-ICE on the test bench. We have modified a turbocharged four-cylinder in-line gasoline engine for use with directly injected hydrogen. Within several iteration loops, we obtained measurement data that shows that, depending on the operating strategy, ultra-low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions are reachable. The combination of hybridization, which implies the possibility of recuperation, and the CO<sub>2</sub> emission-free H<sub>2</sub>-ICE leads to a highly efficient, robust, and economic drivetrain with the lowest emissions, perfectly suitable for Non-Road Machinery.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Additionally, we will discuss the overall coupled measurement and simulation setup and the reachable NO<sub>x</sub> emission levels in our tested setup. We will give an outlook for additional NO<sub>x</sub> emission reduction potentials with exhaust after-treatment systems and other methods of further reducing nitric oxides, which can take the H<sub>2</sub>-ICE to near zero NO<sub>x</sub> emissions.</div></div>