Hydrogen generation in tru waste transportation packages

Anderson, Brian L.; Sheaffer, M.K.; Fischer, L.E.

doi:10.2172/15006875

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The calculations for potential hydrogen gas generation and permeation within the packaging was done in accordance with NUREG/CR-6673 [4] for the evaluation of hydrogen generation in TRU waste transportation packages. In this approach, four methods for hydrogen gas generation are considered: chemical reactions, thermal degradation, biological activity, and radiolysis.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bounding measure of radiolytic hydrogen gas generation (i.e. G value) is predominantly associated with alpha decay [4] . Each content envelope was evaluated to determine the maximum hydrogen gas generation within the 9979 during the shipping period.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining energy is absorbed by the emitting contents or non-gas generating materials (e.g. metals) [4] .…”

Section: Content Envelope 3 Mass Limits and Decay Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Generation and Permeation in the 9979 Type AF Shipping Package

Flach

Blanton

Hoang

2020

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The 9979 Type AF Shipping Packaging is a cost-effective radioactive material package designed by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) that consists of two primary components: a foamed outer drum for structural protection and an inner containment drum. The packaging was designed to transport Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU), Low Enriched Uranium (LEU), and other isotopes not exceeding a Type A quantity. These contents have the potential to generate flammable hydrogen gas during transport due to the degradation of hydrogenous materials (e.g. water vapor, plastics, etc) by high-energy alpha radiation. Since 10 CFR 71.43(h) prohibits the incorporation of packaging features explicitly designed for continuous venting, alternative justification was required to demonstrate that the requirements of 10 CFR 71.43(d) for negligible reactions between packaging components and contents were satisfied. An analysis was performed to demonstrate that the potential for hydrogen gas generation over a one-year period was limited by the effects of permeation through the packaging materials. The rate of hydrogen collection was evaluated for both the inner containment drum and the outer structural drum under 10 CFR 71.71 Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT). The analysis concludes that the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) for hydrogen gas will not be reached in a one-year shipping period assuming a minimum void volume is maintained within the drum.

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Generation and Permeation in the 9979 Type AF Shipping Package

Flach

Blanton

Hoang

2020

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“…There is also an awareness on hydrogen explosion accidents in nuclear power plants or in the spent radioactive storage vessels. A kind of premixed combustion of hydrogen can be occurred when its concentration in the vessel reaches flammable limit, and there is a possibility to occur fire and gas explosion (Anderson et al 2000). In premixed combustion, while the molecular diffusion of deficient reactant is larger than the thermal diffusivity of mixture, a planar flame front becomes wrinkle and propagates laterally, so called cellular flame formation, owing to the unbalance between molecular diffusion and thermal diffusivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation on unstable behaviors of cellular premixed flames at low Lewis numbers based on the diffusive-thermal model and compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Aung

Kadowaki

Hino

2018

JTST

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“…Polymers such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), Viton, etc., are used in gloves, filters, cables, joints, and other items within the nuclear industry and undergo degradation processes when radiolyzed (a, b, c) by radionuclides (fission products, activation products, actinides). Radiolysis of polymers, depending on their structure, can give rise to explosive (hydrogen, methane) or corrosive (HCl, HF) gas 1,2 as well as various organic molecules [3][4][5][6] due to several complex phenomena (i.e., oxidation, cross-linking) 7 that can have different impacts. Hence, the organic molecules formed by these processes could have a potential impact due to complexation or retention/migration of radionuclides present within nuclear waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Electrospray Ionization and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Bulk and Surface Polymer Analysis

et al. 2010

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Electrospray ionization (ESI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry were for the first time compared to investigate degradation products resulting from radiolysis of polyurethane (PUR) irradiated using accelerated electrons. First, DESI optimization was performed to obtain the best results in terms of sensitivity for surface polymer analysis. Then, a comparison was performed between DESI-MS and ESI-MS characterization of the degradation products of irradiated PUR with different doses up to 10 MGy. Similar results were obtained despite a lower sensitivity of DESI. Finally, DESI results obtained by direct surface analysis of irradiated PUR films as a function of depth were compared to bulk analysis results obtained by ESI. This comparison shows that degradation products of PUR are very comparable at the surface or within the polymer, confirming the radio-oxidation homogeneity.

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Hydrogen generation in tru waste transportation packages

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Generation and Permeation in the 9979 Type AF Shipping Package

Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Generation and Permeation in the 9979 Type AF Shipping Package

Numerical investigation on unstable behaviors of cellular premixed flames at low Lewis numbers based on the diffusive-thermal model and compressible Navier-Stokes equations

On the Use of Electrospray Ionization and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Bulk and Surface Polymer Analysis

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