Hydrogen generation from waste Mg based material in various saline solutions (NiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , CuCl 2 , FeCl 3 , MnCl 2 )

Fıgen, Aysel Kantürk; Filiz, Bilge Coşkuner; Pişkin, Sabriye

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.022

Cited by 75 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Hydrothermal temperatures (over 100 °C) are known to increase the diffusivity of water (liquid or gaseous) through the protective oxide layer or product deposit [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The original passive film and generating product layers can be removed chemically by their transformation into soluble compounds from their reactions with salt, acid, or alkali (for Al) aqueous solutions [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Introduction of metal additives (e.g., Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Sn, Bi, Zn) to the basic Mg and Al materials by alloying or high energy ball milling was proved to enhance their corrosion with hydrogen production [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bi–Sn–Pb Alloy and Ball-Milling Duration on the Reactivity of Magnesium–Aluminum Waste-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2023

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In the present study, composite materials were elaborated of mixed scrap of Mg-based casting alloys and low melting point Bi–Sn–Pb alloy by high energy ball milling, and their reactivity in NaCl solution with hydrogen release was tested. The impacts of the additive content and ball milling duration on their microstructure and hydrogen generation performance were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed significant microstructural transformations of the particles during milling, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) proved the formation of new intermetallic phases Mg3Bi2, Mg2Sn, and Mg2Pb. The said intermetallic phases were anticipated to act as ‘microcathodes’ enhancing galvanic corrosion of the base metal. The dependency of the samples’ reactivity on the additive content and milling duration was determined to be nonmonotonic. For the samples with 0, 2.5, and 5 wt.% Rose alloy, ball-milling during 1 h provided the highest hydrogen generation rates and yields (as compared to 0.5 and 2 h), while in the case of the maximum 10 wt.%, the optimal time shifted to 0.5 h. The sample activated with 10 wt.% Rose alloy for 0.5 h provided the highest ‘metal-to-hydrogen’ yield and rapid reaction, thus overperforming those with lower additive contents and that without additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bi–Sn–Pb Alloy and Ball-Milling Duration on the Reactivity of Magnesium–Aluminum Waste-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2023

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“…Therefore, these materials are classified by European regulations as special hazardous wastes and should not be dumped as they are [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Aluminum dross and scrap can be utilized with hydrogen evolution by its treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions [ 62 , 63 ], while the oxidation of magnesium waste can be performed by saline solutions, natural seawater or a simulated one (3.5 wt.% NaCl solution) [ 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation from Magnesium–Aluminum Scrap Ball Milled with Low Melting Point Solder Alloy

et al. 2023

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In this investigation, composite materials were manufactured of mixed scrap of Mg-based alloys and low melting point Sn–Pb eutectic by high energy ball milling, and their hydrogen generation performance was tested in NaCl solution. The effects of the ball milling duration and additive content on their microstructure and reactivity were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated notable structural transformations of the particles during ball milling, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) proved the formation of new intermetallic phases Mg2Sn and Mg2Pb, which were aimed to augment galvanic corrosion of the base metal. The dependency of the material’s reactivity on the activation time and additive content occurred to be non-monotonic. For all tested samples ball milling during the 1 h provided, the highest hydrogen generation rates and yields as compared to 0.5 and 2 h and compositions with 5 wt.% of the Sn–Pb alloy, demonstrated higher reactivity than those with 0, 2.5, and 10 wt.%.

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“…The same 'galvanic' effects in sea water or its simulation (3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution) were investigated also for a wide range of additives to magnesium: Zn, In, Co, Bi, Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn, Ga, Ce, and La [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Studies [41,42] have been devoted to the investigation of the effect of other salt solutions (0.5-2.5 M NiCl 2 solution; NiCl 2 added to Marmara and Aegean sea water; 1 M CoCl 2 , CuCl 2 , FeCl 3 , and MnCl 2 solutions) on magnesium powder obtained by the ball milling of scraps for 3-30 h. In other papers, different salts (primarily metal chlorides: AlCl 3 , NaCl, and KCl) have been added to magnesium [43,44] or aluminum [45][46][47][48] powder, and the intensification of ball-milling effects (the formation of metal lattice structure defects, metal particle size reduction, etc.) has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste to Hydrogen: Elaboration of Hydroreactive Materials from Magnesium-Aluminum Scrap

et al. 2022

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Ball-milled hydroreactive powders of Mg-Al scrap with 20 wt.% additive (Wood’s alloy, KCl, and their mixture) and with no additives were manufactured. Their hydrogen yields and reaction rates in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution at 15–35 °С were compared. In the beginning of the reaction, samples with KCl (20 wt.%) and Wood’s alloy (10 wt.%) with KCl (10 wt.%) provided the highest and second-highest reaction rates, respectively. However, their hydrogen yields after 4 h were correspondingly the lowest and second-lowest percentages—(45.6 ± 4.4)% and (56.0 ± 1.2)% at 35 °С. At the same temperature, samples with 20 wt.% Wood’s alloy and with no additives demonstrated the highest hydrogen yields of (73.5 ± 10.0)% and (70.6 ± 2.5)%, correspondingly, while their respective maximum reaction rates were the lowest and second-lowest. The variations in reaction kinetics for the powders can be explained by the difference in their particle sizes (apparently affecting specific surface area), the crystal lattice defects accumulated during ball milling, favoring pitting corrosion, the morphology of the solid reaction product covering the particles, and the contradicting effects from the potential formation of reaction-enhancing microgalvanic cells intended to induce anodic dissolution of Mg in conductive media and reaction-hindering crystal-grain-screening compounds of the alloy and metal scrap components.

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Hydrogen generation from waste Mg based material in various saline solutions (NiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , CuCl 2 , FeCl 3 , MnCl 2 )

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Bi–Sn–Pb Alloy and Ball-Milling Duration on the Reactivity of Magnesium–Aluminum Waste-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production

Effects of Bi–Sn–Pb Alloy and Ball-Milling Duration on the Reactivity of Magnesium–Aluminum Waste-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation from Magnesium–Aluminum Scrap Ball Milled with Low Melting Point Solder Alloy

Waste to Hydrogen: Elaboration of Hydroreactive Materials from Magnesium-Aluminum Scrap

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