Hydrogen-gas sensors based on graphene functionalized palladium nanoparticles: impedance response as a valuable sensor

Martínez-Orozco, Reinaldo David; Antaño-López, R.; Rodríguez-González, Vicente

doi:10.1039/c5nj01673h

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This relationship is consistent with Sieverts’ law, which is applicable for low concentrations of hydrogen [18,54]: S∝HPd=1Ksfalse(pH2false)12 where H / Pd , which is defined as the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of Pd atoms in the Pd-H system, is proportional to sensitivity, while K s is the Sieverts constant and pH 2 is the hydrogen partial pressure. This rule is valid for H 2 concentrations of up to 10,000 ppm in the Pd-H system [23,35]. Therefore, we conclude that the experimental results follow Sieverts’ law and that the characteristics of hydrogen adsorption on the surfaces of the Pd NPs can be explained by that law.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Johnson et al reported hydrogen sensing with a sensitivity of 55% at a minimum concentration of 40 ppm and were able to achieve a 50% response time of 21 s and a 50% recovery time of 23 s from a multilayered-graphene-based nanoribbon network functionalized with Pd using e-beam evaporation [34]. Martinez-Orozco et al realized hydrogen detection based on Pd nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by the microwave ablation method [35]. They reported a 90% response time of less than 1 min for hydrogen concentrations of 0.01–5 vol% in the atmosphere and a 90% recovery time of less than 5 min at low concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Sensing Using Paper Sensors with Pencil Marks Decorated with Palladium

Lee

Baek

Nahm

2019

Sensors

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Paper-based sensors fabricated using the pencil-on-paper method are expected to find wide usage in many fields owing to their low cost and high reproducibility. Here, hydrogen (H2) detection was realized by applying palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) to electronic circuits printed on paper using a metal mask and a pencil. We confirmed that multilayered graphene was produced by the pencil, and then characterized Pd NPs were added to the pencil marks. To evaluate the gas-sensing ability of the sensor, its sensitivities and reaction rates in the presence and absence of H2 were measured. In addition, sensing tests performed over a wide range of H2 concentrations confirmed that the sensor had a detection limit as low as 1 ppm. Furthermore, the sensor reacted within approximately 50 s at all H2 concentrations tested. The recovery time of the sensor was 32 s at 1 ppm and 78 s at 1000 ppm. Sensing tests were also performed using Pd NPs of different sizes to elucidate the relationship between the sensing rate and catalyst size. The experimental results confirmed the possibility of fabricating paper-based gas sensors with a superior sensing capability and response rate.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sensing Using Paper Sensors with Pencil Marks Decorated with Palladium

Lee

Baek

Nahm

2019

Sensors

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“…The hydrothermal microwave exfoliation method was deployed by Martinez-Orozco et al [33] to prepare palladium-graphene nanostructures from high-quality graphene layers and well monodispersed palladium nanoparticles. The structural and morphological characteristics of palladium-graphene hybrids indicate that this method allows the reduction of metal precursors and anchoring on exfoliated graphene layers.…”

Section: Graphene/noble Metal Hybrid Hydrogen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene–Noble Metal Nano-Composites and Applications for Hydrogen Sensors

Basu

Hazra

2017

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Graphene based nano-composites are relatively new materials with excellent mechanical, electrical, electronic and chemical properties for applications in the fields of electrical and electronic devices, mechanical appliances and chemical gadgets. For all these applications, the structural features associated with chemical bonding that involve other components at the interface need in-depth investigation. Metals, polymers, inorganic fibers and other components improve the properties of graphene when they form a kind of composite structure in the nano-dimensions. Intensive investigations have been carried out globally in this area of research and development. In this article, some salient features of graphene-noble metal interactions and composite formation which improve hydrogen gas sensing properties-like higher and fast response, quick recovery, cross sensitivity, repeatability and long term stability of the sensor devices-are presented. Mostly noble metals are effective for enhancing the sensing performance of the graphene-metal hybrid sensors, due to their superior catalytic activities. The experimental evidence for atomic bonding between metal nano-structures and graphene has been reported in the literature and it is theoretically verified by density functional theory (DFT). Multilayer graphene influences gas sensing performance via intercalation of metal and non-metal atoms through atomic bonding.

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“…A growing number of materials synthesized by the microwave hydrothermal/solvothermal method are being examined for gas sensor applications. ZnO [176], WO 3 [177], and In 2 O 3 -graphene [157] were used for NO 2 detection; Pd/SnO 2 [178], Au@TiO 2 [179], and Au/SnO 2 [180] for CO sensing; TiO 2 [181], and Pd-GO [182] as H 2 gas sensors; and α-Fe 2 O 3 /SnO 2 [183], CuO [184,185], and ZnO [120] for ethanol detection. Ag@SnO 2 core-shell nanoparticles obtained by MAH method exhibited a higher gas sensor response for p-xylene compared to pure SnO 2 , showing that Ag NPs play an important role in the sensing mechanism due to their electronic and catalytic activity.…”

Section: Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated microwave-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal processing: Fundamentals, morphologies, and applications

2018

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This article is designed to serve as a roadmap for understanding the fundamentals, the key advantages and the potential applications of microwave-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal (MAH/S) processing. MAH/S synthesis is a versatile chemical method for preparing a diversity of materials such as metals, semiconductors, electroceramics, graphene and their composites as bulk powders, thin films, or single crystals. The key to improve performance of these materials is achieving controlled morphologies (0 to 3D dimensionality) that favor desirable physical-chemical phenomena at the surface, and in the bulk of these advanced materials. The main features related to the improvement of the thermal and non-thermal effects associated with the use of microwave power concurrently with hydrothermal or solvothermal methods are discussed. Furthermore, the main crystal growth mechanisms (Ostwald ripening and oriented attachment) of these solids in solution under MAH/S treatment are described. Products synthesized by the MAH/S, particularly of interest in the development of gas sensors, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and photocatalysts are emphasized. We conclude by envisaging new future directions for the use of this rapid and versatile processing approach.

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Hydrogen-gas sensors based on graphene functionalized palladium nanoparticles: impedance response as a valuable sensor

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Hydrogen Sensing Using Paper Sensors with Pencil Marks Decorated with Palladium

Hydrogen Sensing Using Paper Sensors with Pencil Marks Decorated with Palladium

Graphene–Noble Metal Nano-Composites and Applications for Hydrogen Sensors

Accelerated microwave-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal processing: Fundamentals, morphologies, and applications

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