Hydrogen from offshore wind: Investor perspective on the profitability of a hybrid system including for curtailment

McDonagh, Shane; Ahmed, Shorif; Desmond, Cian

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114732

Cited by 114 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…With the increasing presence of renewable energy in the grid, higher levels of curtailment in renewable power plants will take place. Considering this reasoning, a study was conducted to compare three scenarios using an offshore wind farm [45]: sell all electricity to the grid (scenario 1), convert all electricity to hydrogen (scenario 2), or a hybrid system where electricity is sold to the grid when prices are high and converted to hydrogen when curtailment occurs or electricity prices are low (scenario 3). A model was developed for a 504 MW wind farm located 14.5 km off the coast of Arklow, Ireland, and all three scenarios were simulated.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more economically viable electricity sources for producing green hydrogen are solar PV and onshore wind, mainly because the LCOE of these two energy sources is considerably lower than solar CSP and offshore wind. The LCOE is the factor that influences the LCOH the most [20,45]; therefore, technologies with the lowest LCOE are the best suited to being the electricity source in green hydrogen projects. More specifically, the lowest LCOH for solar PV was found in the Atacama Desert in Chile [20], and the lowest LCOH for onshore wind was found in Patagonia [44], two locations with abundant availability of their respective renewable resources.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Calado

Castro

2021

Applied Sciences

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With the increase in renewable energy connected to the grid, new challenges arise due to its variable supply of power. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new methods of storing energy. Hydrogen can fulfil the role of energy storage and even act as an energy carrier, since it has a much higher energetic density than batteries and can be easily stored. Considering that the offshore wind sector is facing significant growth and technical advances, hydrogen has the potential to be combined with offshore wind energy to aid in overcoming disadvantages such as the high installation cost of electrical transmission systems and transmission losses. This paper aims to outline and discuss the main features of the integration of hydrogen solutions in offshore wind power and to offer a literature review of the current state of hydrogen production from offshore wind. The paper provides a summary of the technologies involved in hydrogen production along with an analysis of two possible hydrogen producing systems from offshore wind energy. The analysis covers the system components, including hydrogen storage, the system configuration (i.e., offshore vs. onshore electrolyzer), and the potential uses of hydrogen, e.g., Power to Mobility, Power to Power, and Power to Gas.

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Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Calado

Castro

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Subsequently, Shell company announced plans to start North2, which is the largest in Europe and possibly the world's largest offshore hydrogen plant. It is worth mentioning that the cost of offshore green hydrogen is still not competitive compared to other hydrogen production methods, but this cost is expected to decrease as offshore wind turbine and hydrogen production technologies become mature 132 …”

Section: Future Trend Of Owecmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Wang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

113

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Summary Wind energy conversion system, aiming to convert mechanical energy of air flow into electrical energy has been widely concerned in recent decades. According to the installation sites, the wind energy conversion system can be divided into land‐based wind conversion system and offshore wind energy conversion (OWEC) system. Compared to land‐based wind energy technology, although OWEC started later, it has attracted more attentions due to its significant advantages in sufficient wind energy, low wind shear, high power output and low land occupancy rate. In this paper, the principle of wind energy conversion and the development status of offshore wind power in the world are briefly introduced at first. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of several offshore wind energy device (OWED), such as horizontal axis OWED, vertical axis OWED and cross axis OWED are compared. Subsequently, several major constraints, such as complex marine environment, deep‐sea power transmission and expensive cost of equipment installation faced by offshore wind conversion technology are presented and comprehensively analysed. Finally, based on the summary and analysis of some emerging technologies and the current situation of offshore wind energy utilization, the development trend of offshore wind power is envisioned. In the future, it is expected to witness multi‐energy complementary, key component optimization and intelligent control strategy for smooth energy generation of offshore wind power systems.

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“…The wind speed and wind direction are shown as a wind rose in Figure 3A as well as the wind speed frequency ( Figure 3B). Wind speed was extrapolated to the turbine hub height of 95 m using the power law with an exponent of 0.13 (McDonagh et al, 2020). The power curve of the V90 2.0 MW wind turbine (Vestas, Denmark) was used to convert wind speed into power for parks with 10-40 wind turbines depending on the case assessed (see Agricultural H 2 Demand).…”

Section: Wind Power Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Assessment of Demand-Driven Small-Scale Green Hydrogen Production for Low Carbon Agriculture in Sweden

et al. 2020

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Wind power coupled to hydrogen (H2) production is an interesting strategy to reduce power curtailment and to provide clean fuel for decarbonizing agricultural activities. However, such implementation is challenging for several reasons, including uncertainties in wind power availability, seasonalities in agricultural fuel demand, capital-intensive gas storage systems, and high specific investment costs of small-scale electrolysers. To investigate whether on-site H2 production could be a feasible alternative to conventional diesel farming, a model was built for dynamic simulations of H2 production from wind power driven by the fuel demand of a cereal farm located on the island of Gotland, Sweden. Different cases and technological scenarios were considered to assess the effects of future developments, H2 end-use, as well as production scale on the levelised- and farmers’ equivalent annual costs. In a single-farm application, H2 production costs varied between 21.20–14.82 €/kg. By sharing a power-to-H2 facility among four different farms of 300-ha each, the specific investment costs could be significantly decreased, resulting in 28% lower H2 production costs than when facilities are not shared. By including delivery vans as additional H2 consumers in each farm, costs of H2 production decreased by 35% due to the higher production scale and more distributed demand. However, in all cases and technological scenarios assessed, projected diesel price in retailers was cheaper than H2. Nevertheless, revenues from leasing the land to wind power developers could make H2 a more attractive option even in single-farm applications as early as 2020. Without such revenues, H2 is more competitive than diesel where power-to-H2 plants are shared by at least two farms, if technological developments predicted for 2030 come true. Also, out of 20 different cases assessed, nine of them showed a carbon abatement cost lower than the current carbon tax in Sweden of 110 €/tCO2, which demonstrate the potential of power-to-H2 as an effective strategy to decarbonize agricultural systems.

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Hydrogen from offshore wind: Investor perspective on the profitability of a hybrid system including for curtailment

Cited by 114 publications

References 36 publications

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Techno-Economic Assessment of Demand-Driven Small-Scale Green Hydrogen Production for Low Carbon Agriculture in Sweden

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